NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, Volume. 46, Issue 5, 050604(2023)
Development and validation of high-precision aerosol models for natural deposition processes in reactor containment
Figures & Tables(19)
Fig. 1. Diagram of the relationships and functions of main modules in ISAA
Fig. 2. Normalized mass of NaOH aerosol at various thermal hydraulic condidions (a) RH=22%, 323.15 K, 0.1 MPa, (b) RH=82%, 300.15 K, 0.1 MPa, (c) RH=96%, 296.15 K, 0.1 MPa
Fig. 8. Airborne mass of CsOH aerosol in the LA4 test (a) Early period, (b) Entire period
Fig. 9. Airborne mass of MnO aerosol in LA4 test (a) Early period, (b) Entire period
Table 1. Accommodation coefficients of momentum of various gases
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Accommodation coefficients of momentum of various gases
气体Gas αm 空气Air 0.897 2 Ar 0.889 1 He 0.869 4 H2 0.925 1 CH4 0.919 5 C2H6 0.878 4 H2O 0.897 2 CO2 0.896 8
Table 2. Facility and experimental conditions of AHMED[25-26]
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Facility and experimental conditions of AHMED[25-26]
条件Conditions 值Parameter 容器尺寸Vessel dimension 半径Radius 0.635 m 有效高度Effective height 1.425 m 体积Volume 1.81 m3 容器面积Vessel area 气溶胶沉降Aerosol settling 1.27 m3 气溶胶扩散Aerosol diffusion 9.42 m3 初始压力Initial pressure 0.101 3 MPa 初始温度Initial temperature RH 22% 323.15 K RH 82% 300.15 K RH 96% 296.15 K 初始气溶胶浓度Initial aerosol concentration RH 22% 112 mg·m-3 RH 82% 208 mg·m-3 RH 96% 218 mg·m-3 NaOH密度NaOH density 2.13 g·m-3 AMMD 2.4 μm GSD 1.64
Table 3. Comparing calculated and measured points of AHMED
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Comparing calculated and measured points of AHMED
最大误差点
Maximum error point
测量值
Measured value
ISAA模拟值/相对误差
ISAA/relative error / %
改进ISAA模拟值/相对误差
Improved ISAA/relative error / %
401 7 s，RH=22% 0.511 0.390/23.7 0.456/10.8 340 6 s，RH=82% 0.350 0.275/21.4 0.334/4.57 187 0 s，RH=96% 0.209 0.151/27.8 0.203/2.87
Table 4. Containment vessel properties of AB5 test[27]
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. Containment vessel properties of AB5 test[27]
容器参数Vessel properties 值Parameter 结构表面Surface areas 值Parameter 尺寸
Dimension
直径Diameter 7.62 m 传热面Hat transfer areas 上封头Top head 63.0 m2 总高度Total height 20.3 m 下封头Bottom head 63.0 m2 体积Volume 852.0 m3 圆柱面Cylinder 394.0 m2 厚度
Thickness
上封头Top head 18.1 mm 内部组件Internal components 232.0 m2 下封头Bottom head 18.1 mm 总气溶胶沉降面积
Total aerosol settling areas
88.2 m2 圆柱面Cylinder 22.9 mm 总气溶胶扩散面积
Total aerosol diffusion areas
752.0 m2
Table 5. Experimental conditions of AB5 test[27]
View tableView in ArticleTable 5. Experimental conditions of AB5 test[27]
热工水力条件
Thermal hydraulic condition
值
Parameter
气溶胶条件
Aerosol condition
值
Parameter
初始温度Initial temperature 302.25 K 生成速率Generation rate 445.0 g·s-1 初始压力Initial pressure 0.122 MPa 密度Density 2.5 g·cm-3 露点Dew point 289.15 K AMMD 0.25 μm Na喷淋速率Na spray rate 256.0 g·s-1 GSD 1.5 Na喷淋温度Na temperature 836.15 K 钠气溶胶质量比Mass ratio of aerosol and total 1.74
Table 6. Containment vessel properties of LA4 test[29]
View tableView in ArticleTable 6. Containment vessel properties of LA4 test[29]
容器参数
Vessel properties
值
Parameter
结构表面
Surface areas
值
Parameter
尺寸
Dimension
直径Diameter 7.62 m 传热面
Heat transfer areas
上封头Top head 63.0 m2 总高度Total height 20.3 m 下封头Bottom head 63.0 m2 体积Volume 852.0 m3 圆柱面Cylinder 394.0 m2 厚度
Thickness
上封头Top head 19.3 mm 内部组件
Internal components
221.0 m2 下封头Bottom head 19.3 mm 总气溶胶沉降面积
Total aerosol settling areas
87.8 m2 圆柱面Cylinder 16.9 mm 总气溶胶扩散面积
Total aerosol diffusion areas
741.0 m2
Table 7. Experimental initial conditions of LA4 test[29]
View tableView in ArticleTable 7. Experimental initial conditions of LA4 test[29]
初始条件Initial conditions 值Parameter 气体温度Gas temperature / K 315.65 壁面温度Wall temperature / K 315.65 压力Pressure / kPa 107.0 地坑水质量Sump water mass / kg 950 地坑水温度Sump water temperature / K 315.05
Table 8. Experimental conditions of LA4 test[29-30]
View tableView in ArticleTable 8. Experimental conditions of LA4 test[29-30]
实验阶段
Phase
蒸汽Steam 氮气Nitrogen 氦气Helium 氩气Argon 速率
Rate
/ kg·s-1
温度
Temperature
/ K
速率
Rate
/ kg·s-1
温度
Temperature
/ K
速率
Rate
/ kg·s-1
温度
Temperature
/ K
速率
Rate
/ kg·s-1
温度
Temperature
/ K
第1阶段Period 1 0.451 434.15 0.002 7 433.15 — — — — 第2阶段Period 2 0.029 440.15 0.067 0 510.15 0.000 59 510.15 0.000 84 510.15 第3阶段Period 3 0.029 440.15 0.066 0 526.15 0.000 59 526.15 0.000 84 526.15 第4阶段Period 4 0.029 440.15 0.067 0 535.15 0.000 59 535.15 0.000 84 535.15 第5阶段Period 5 0.029 440.15 0.003 7 463.15 — — — — 第6阶段Period 6 0.029 440.15 0.002 6 433.15 — — — — 第7阶段Period 7 — — 0.002 2 393.15 — — — —
Table 9. Aerosol source conditions of LA4 test[31]
View tableView in ArticleTable 9. Aerosol source conditions of LA4 test[31]
实验阶段
Phase
时刻
Time / s
CsOH MnO AMMD / μm GSD 速率Rate / kg·s-1 AMMD / μm GSD 速率Rate / kg·s-1 第2阶段
Period 2
78 1.35 1.81 1.024 — — — 288 0.685 738 1.099 1 218 1.082 1 698 0.988 1 830 0.988 第3阶段
Period 3
1 902 2.22 1.80 0.886 2.43 1.70 0.840 2 112 0.920 0.840 2 532 1.002 0.959 2 748 1.033 0.617 2 952 0.766 0.631 3 030 0.766 0.475 第4阶段
Period 4
3 204 — — — 1.82 2.56 0.475 3 438 0.659 3 858 1.350 4 338 0.782 4 764 0.680 4 812 0.573
Table 10. Comparing calculated and measured points of test LA4
View tableView in ArticleTable 10. Comparing calculated and measured points of test LA4
测量点
Measured point
测量值
Measured value / kg
ISAA模拟值/相对误差
ISAA/relative error
改进ISAA模拟值/相对误差
Improved ISAA/relative error
CsOH峰值CsOH peak 3.07 2.64 kg/14.0% 2.84 kg/7.49% CsOH残余CsOH residual 1.46×10-6 1.07×10-4 kg/73.3 times 2.49×10-5 kg/17.1 times MnO峰值MnO peak 2.24 1.82 kg/18.8% 1.93 kg/13.8% MnO残余MnO residual 3.55×10-6 7.44×10-5 kg/20.96 times 6.04×10-6 kg/1.70 times
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Jishen LI, Bin ZHANG, Pengcheng GAO, Fan MIAO, Jianqiang SHAN. Development and validation of high-precision aerosol models for natural deposition processes in reactor containment[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2023, 46(5): 050604
Paper Information
Category: Research Articles
Received: Sep. 28, 2022
Accepted: --
Published Online: Jun. 30, 2023
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