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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 14, 1402203(2022)

Laser Irradiation Behavior Analysis during Balling Effect in Selective Laser Melting

Zhihao Ren1...2, Zhengwen Zhang1,2,3,*, Xiangyu Ma1,2, and Shenglan Mao12 |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
  • 2Chongqing Key Laboratory of Metal Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing), Chongqing 400044, China
  • 3College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, U.K.
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (14)
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    References (29)
    Cited By (5)
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    Figures & Tables(14)
    Schematics of ray-tracing algorithm

    Fig. 1. Schematics of ray-tracing algorithm

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    Initialization of the powder bed

    Fig. 2. Initialization of the powder bed

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    Powder morphology of Cu-Cr-Zr powder

    Fig. 3. Powder morphology of Cu-Cr-Zr powder

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    Homemade calorimetric apparatus used to measure the effect laser absorptivity. (a) Physical device; (b) device schematic

    Fig. 4. Homemade calorimetric apparatus used to measure the effect laser absorptivity. (a) Physical device; (b) device schematic

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    Typical temperature variation curves detected by thermocouples of calorimetric apparatus during SLM process

    Fig. 5. Typical temperature variation curves detected by thermocouples of calorimetric apparatus during SLM process

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    Comparison of modelled and experimental results. (a) Track morphology in top view; (b) melt pool boundary in cross-section view

    Fig. 6. Comparison of modelled and experimental results. (a) Track morphology in top view; (b) melt pool boundary in cross-section view

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    Top view of melt pool evolution of SLM single-track under two different process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case

    Fig. 7. Top view of melt pool evolution of SLM single-track under two different process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case

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    Laser reflection and absorption behaviors within melt pool under two process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case

    Fig. 8. Laser reflection and absorption behaviors within melt pool under two process parameters. (a) Continuous single-track case; (b) balling single-track case

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    Temperature curves versus time obtained by thermocouples under two process parameters. (a) P＝430 W，v＝0.6 m/s; (b) P＝330 W, v＝1.2 m/s

    Fig. 9. Temperature curves versus time obtained by thermocouples under two process parameters. (a) P＝430 W，v＝0.6 m/s; (b) P＝330 W, v＝1.2 m/s

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    Dynamic variation of global absorptivity under two process parameters

    Fig. 10. Dynamic variation of global absorptivity under two process parameters

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    • Table 1. Material properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy used in the simulation

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      Table 1. Material properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy used in the simulation

      ParameterValue
      Density of metal /(kg·m－3)8927
      Specific heat of metal /(J·kg－1·K－1)380
      Thermal conductivity of solid metal /(W·m－1·K－1)320
      Thermal conductivity of liquid metal /(W·m－1·K－1)100
      Solidus temperature /K1338.7
      Liquidus temperature /K1355.4
      Boiling temperature /K2868
      Viscosity /(Pa·s)0.0043
      Surface tension coefficient /(N·m－1)1.304
      Temperature coefficient of surface tension /(N·m－1·K－1)－0.286×10－3
      Latent heat of fusion /(J·kg－1)204000
      Enthalpy change of evaporation /(J·mol－1)300540

    • Table 2. Chemical compositions of Cu-Cr-Zr powder

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      Table 2. Chemical compositions of Cu-Cr-Zr powder

      ElementCrZrFeSiPCu
      Mass fraction /%0.5－1.50.05－0.25<0.05<0.05<0.01Bal.

    • Table 3. Process parameters used in SLM simulations and experiments

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      Table 3. Process parameters used in SLM simulations and experiments

      Serial numberLaser power P /WScanning velocity v /(m·s－1)
      14300.6
      23301.2

    • Table 4. Values of effective absorptivity and average global absorptivity

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      Table 4. Values of effective absorptivity and average global absorptivity

      Laser parameterEffective absorptivity /%Average global absorptivity /%Error /%
      P＝430 W, v＝0.6 m/s40.2440.40.4
      P＝330 W, v＝1.2 m/s27.0425.17.1
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    Zhihao Ren, Zhengwen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Shenglan Mao. Laser Irradiation Behavior Analysis during Balling Effect in Selective Laser Melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(14): 1402203

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    Paper Information

    Category: Process Monitoring and Control

    Received: Dec. 20, 2021

    Accepted: Mar. 25, 2022

    Published Online: Jul. 6, 2022

    The Author Email: Zhang Zhengwen (zhangzw@cqu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/CJL202249.1402203

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology