Liquid crystal metasurfaces (LCMs) have emerged as a promising technique in optical device research due to their ability of flexibly and dynamically control electromagnetic wave properties such as amplitude, phase, polarization, and wavefront. This review discusses the progress in the design and application of LCMs, highlighting their significant potential in various fields like optical detection, imaging, and computation. LCM leverage the high degree of freedom in sub-wavelength structural design, enabling dynamic modulation of optical characteristics through external electric fields. The paper explores the principles behind LCMs, including the integration of liquid crystal materials with metasurfaces to achieve real-time optical property adjustments. Various applications such as tunable filters, beam steering, and dynamic holography are examined. Additionally, the review covers both contact and non-contact LCMs, outlining the mechanisms of phase modulation and information channel switching. The challenges and future prospects of LCMs in enhancing optical communication, sensing, and display technologies are also discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of this cutting-edge field.