[6] [6] CAO Y, CHEN X B. A survey of modeling and control issues for piezo-electric actuators[J]. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 2015, 137(1): 014001.

[8] [8] THANG V V, KIM I, JEONG S, et al. Modeling and investigation of multilayer piezoelectric transformer with a central hole for heat dissipation[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 2011, 6(5): 671-676.

[9] [9] SONG Y W, KANG K, TIPSAWAT P, et al. Substrate dependence of the self-heating in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) MEMS actuators[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2024, 135(16): 1-7.

[10] [10] QUATTROCCHI A, FRENI F, MONTANINI R. Self-heat generation of embedded piezoceramic patches used for fabrication of smart materials[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2018, 280: 513-520.

[11] [11] FRAGKIADAKIS C, SIVARAMAKRISHNAN S, SCHMITZ-KEMPEN T, et al. Heat generation in PZT MEMS actuator arrays[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2022, 121(16): 1-7.

[12] [12] LUNDH J S, ZHU W L, SONG Y W, et al. Local measurements of domain wall-induced self-heating in released PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 films[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2020, 128(21): 1-10.

[13] [13] WU Z B, COCHRAN S. Loss effects on adhesively bonded multilayer ultrasonic transducers by selfheating[J]. Ultrasonics, 2010, 50(5): 508-511.

[14] [14] SENOUSY M S, RAJAPAKSE R, MUMFORD D, et al. Selfheat generation in piezoelectric stack actuators used in fuel injectors[J]. Smart Materials and Structures, 2009, 18(4): 1-11.

[15] [15] SENOUSY M S, LI F X, MUMFORD D, et al. Thermoelectro-mechanical performance of piezoelectric stack actuators for fuel injector applications[J]. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2009, 20(4): 387-399.

[16] [16] FISCHER J, HGELE D, RUDOLPH J. Direct simultaneous measurement of electrocaloric effect and hysteresis loss heating in ferroelectrics[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2024, 124(17): 1-8.

[17] [17] HOU X, LI X K, ZHANG J T, et al. Effect of grain size on the electrocaloric properties of polycrystalline ferroelectrics[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2021, 15(5): 1-7.