Research on Indoor Visible Light Positioning Technology with Occlusion

Fig. 1. Visible light communication channel model. (a) Visible light communication channel model in empty scenarios; (b) visible light communication channel model in scenarios with obstacles

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Fig. 2. Positioning flowchart

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Fig. 3. GRNN architecture diagram

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Fig. 4. Localization results of LS, GRNN, and WSO-GRNN. (a) LS positioning result; (b) cumulative distribution function in LS error; (c) LS distribution histogram; (d) GRNN positioning result; (e) cumulative distribution function in GRNN error; (f) GRNN distribution histogram; (g) WSO-GRNN positioning result; (h) cumulative distribution function in WSO-GRNN error; (i) WSO-GRNN distribution histogram

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Fig. 5. Division of indoor space areas

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Fig. 6. Distribution of the difference in received optical power when the center of an obstacle is located at different positions compared to that without obstacle. (a) (0.5 m, 0.5 m); (b) (1.0 m, 1.0 m); (c) (1.5 m, 1.5 m); (d) (2.0 m, 2.0 m); (e) (2.5 m, 2.5 m)

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Fig. 7. Distribution of R_MeanError, RMSE, and CDF when the center of the obstacle is located at different positions. (a) R_MeanError; (b) RMSE; (c) CDF

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Fig. 8. Division of edge areas and central areas. (a) Optical power distribution; (b) regional division

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Fig. 9. Distribution of the difference in received optical power at various heights when the center of the obstacle is at (2.5 m, 2.5 m), compared to the received optical power at corresponding heights without any obstacles. (a) h=0.8 m; (b) h=1.0 m; (c) h=1.2 m; (d) h=1.4 m; (e) h=1.6 m; (f) h=1.8 m

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Fig. 10. R_MeanError, RMSE, and CDF as functions of obstacle height with the obstacle center at (2.5 m, 2.5 m). (a) R_MeanError; (b)RMSE; (c) CDF

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Table 1. Simulation parameters of indoor visible light positioning system^[23-26]

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Table 1. Simulation parameters of indoor visible light positioning system^[23-26]

Parameter	Value
Room size (L×W×H) /(m×m×m)	5×5×3
Initial LED position (x, y, z) /(m, m, m)	[(1.67, 1.67, 3), (1.67, 3.33, 3), (3.33, 1.67, 3), (3.33, 3.33, 3)]
Power of each LED /W	4
Half-power angle of LED $Φ_{1 / 2}$ /(°)	60
Effective area of PD A / $c m^{2}$	1
FOV of LED $Ψ_{c}$ /(°)	70
Height of receiver /m	0.1
Gain of optical filter $T_{s} (ψ)$	1
Ceiling, wall, and floor reflectance	0.8, 0.8, 0.3
Photoelectric conversion efficiency	0.53
Spacing between reflectors /m	0.2
Initial value of $σ$	0.1
Troop size	5
Maximum iteration count	10

Table 2. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods with obstacle at different positions

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Table 2. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods with obstacle at different positions

Position (x, y) /(m, m)	LS		GRNN		WSO-GRNN
Position (x, y) /(m, m)	R_MeanError /cm	RMSE /cm	R_MeanError /cm	RMSE /cm	R_MeanError /cm	RMSE /cm
(0.5, 0.5)	50.6	88.9	33.8	42.4	6.9	7.0
(1.0, 1.0)	55.4	89.6	26.5	33.9	4.1	4.7
(1.5, 1.5)	55.9	91.9	29.1	36.5	4.7	6.3
(2.0, 2.0)	61.7	109.1	33.2	40.4	5.3	7.7
(2.5, 2.5)	61.9	116.8	40.2	50.0	7.1	7.1

Table 3. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods when obstacle height changes

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Table 3. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods when obstacle height changes

Height /m	LS		GRNN		WSO-GRNN
Height /m	R_MeanError /cm	RMSE /cm	R_MeanError /cm	RMSE /cm	R_MeanError /cm	RMSE /cm
0.8	61.9	116.8	40.2	50.0	7.1	7.1
1.0	72.0	133.5	37.9	45.8	7.1	7.0
1.2	73.0	130.3	30.1	34.5	7.8	9.5
1.4	86.2	154.9	37.6	43.8	8.4	10.1
1.6	103.4	181.0	42.3	50.8	8.0	10.1
1.8	128.0	208.8	54.3	62.4	8.6	11.2

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Chunxue Liu, Junyi Zhang, Qianqian Long. Research on Indoor Visible Light Positioning Technology with Occlusion[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(4): 0406004

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Paper Information

Category: Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

Received: Nov. 12, 2024

Accepted: Dec. 25, 2024

Published Online: Feb. 21, 2025

The Author Email: Zhang Junyi (zhangjy@bupt.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS241745

CSTR:32393.14.AOS241745

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Simulation parameters of indoor visible light positioning system[23-26]

Table 1. Simulation parameters of indoor visible light positioning system[23-26]

Table 2. RMeanError and RMSE of three methods with obstacle at different positions

Table 2. RMeanError and RMSE of three methods with obstacle at different positions

Table 3. RMeanError and RMSE of three methods when obstacle height changes

Table 3. RMeanError and RMSE of three methods when obstacle height changes

Table 1. Simulation parameters of indoor visible light positioning system^[23-26]

Table 1. Simulation parameters of indoor visible light positioning system^[23-26]

Table 2. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods with obstacle at different positions

Table 2. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods with obstacle at different positions

Table 3. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods when obstacle height changes

Table 3. R_MeanError and RMSE of three methods when obstacle height changes