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Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 17, Issue 10, 100010(2019)

Absorption and scattering effects of Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt on a micro-LED-based underwater wireless optical communication [Invited]

Pengfei Tian1、*, Honglan Chen1, Peiyao Wang1, Xiaoyan Liu1, Xinwei Chen1, Gufan Zhou1, Shuailong Zhang2, Jie Lu1, Pengjiang Qiu1, Zeyuan Qian1, Xiaolin Zhou1, Zhilai Fang1, Lirong Zheng1, Ran Liu1, and Xugao Cui1、**
Author Affiliations
  • 1Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Lighting Technology, and Academy of Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 2Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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    Images of (a) the transmission link, (b) the packaged micro-LED transmitter, the light beam through (c) tap water, (d) 100.24 mg/m3 Maalox, (e) 1207.73 mg/m3 chlorophyll, and (f) 5 kg/m3 sea salt solutions, and (g) the APD receiver.

    Fig. 1. Images of (a) the transmission link, (b) the packaged micro-LED transmitter, the light beam through (c) tap water, (d) 100.24  mg/m3 Maalox, (e) 1207.73  mg/m3 chlorophyll, and (f) 5  kg/m3 sea salt solutions, and (g) the APD receiver.

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    (a) I-V characteristic of the micro-LED. (b) The EL spectra under different currents of the micro-LED. (c) Light output powers at the receiving end with increasing driving currents of the micro-LED in varied concentrations of Maalox solution.

    Fig. 2. (a) I-V characteristic of the micro-LED. (b) The EL spectra under different currents of the micro-LED. (c) Light output powers at the receiving end with increasing driving currents of the micro-LED in varied concentrations of Maalox solution.

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    (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different Maalox concentrations. The purple dash line shows the attenuation coefficients of four typical water qualities. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates with different Maalox concentrations.

    Fig. 3. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different Maalox concentrations. The purple dash line shows the attenuation coefficients of four typical water qualities. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates with different Maalox concentrations.

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    Data rate versus attenuation of light output power with different Maalox concentrations at the BER of 3×10−3.

    Fig. 4. Data rate versus attenuation of light output power with different Maalox concentrations at the BER of 3×10−3.

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    Eye diagrams at different concentrations of Maalox of (a) 200.48 mg/m3, (b) 400.97 mg/m3, and (c) 1603.86 mg/m3 at a data rate of 200 Mbps, (d) 200.48 mg/m3 at a data rate of 800 Mbps, (e) 400.97 mg/m3 at a data rate of 690 Mbps, and (f) 1603.86 mg/m3 at a data rate of 270 Mbps.

    Fig. 5. Eye diagrams at different concentrations of Maalox of (a) 200.48  mg/m3, (b) 400.97  mg/m3, and (c) 1603.86  mg/m3 at a data rate of 200 Mbps, (d) 200.48  mg/m3 at a data rate of 800 Mbps, (e) 400.97  mg/m3 at a data rate of 690 Mbps, and (f) 1603.86  mg/m3 at a data rate of 270 Mbps.

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    (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different chlorophyll concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different chlorophyll concentrations.

    Fig. 6. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different chlorophyll concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different chlorophyll concentrations.

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    (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different sea salt concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different sea salt concentrations, measured by 1 GHz APD.

    Fig. 7. (a) Experimental attenuation coefficients and the fitting results in water with different sea salt concentrations. (b) Variation of BERs with increasing data rates for different sea salt concentrations, measured by 1 GHz APD.

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    Transmission spectra of water with different Maalox concentrations.

    Fig. 8. Transmission spectra of water with different Maalox concentrations.

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    Pengfei Tian, Honglan Chen, Peiyao Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Xinwei Chen, Gufan Zhou, Shuailong Zhang, Jie Lu, Pengjiang Qiu, Zeyuan Qian, Xiaolin Zhou, Zhilai Fang, Lirong Zheng, Ran Liu, Xugao Cui, "Absorption and scattering effects of Maalox, chlorophyll, and sea salt on a micro-LED-based underwater wireless optical communication [Invited]," Chin. Opt. Lett. 17, 100010 (2019)

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    Paper Information

    Special Issue: UNDERWATER WIRELESS OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

    Received: Aug. 25, 2019

    Accepted: Sep. 12, 2019

    Published Online: Oct. 15, 2019

    The Author Email: Pengfei Tian (pftian@fudan.edu.cn), Xugao Cui (cuixugao@fudan.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/COL201917.100010

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology