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High Power Laser Science and Engineering, Volume. 13, Issue 1, 01000e12(2025)

High-intensity lasers and research activities in China

Yutong Li1,2,3、*, Liming Chen4, Min Chen4, Feng Liu4, Yuqiu Gu5, Bing Guo6, Jianfei Hua7, Taiwu Huang8, Yuxin Leng9, Fei Li7, Lu Li8, Ruxin Li9,10, Chen Lin11,12,13, Wei Lu7,14,15, Zhihui Lyu16, Wenjun Ma11,12,13, Xiaonan Ning15, Yujie Peng9, Yang Wan17, Jinguang Wang1, Zhaohua Wang1, Zhiyi Wei1, Xueqing Yan11,12,13, Jie Zhang4,18, Baozhen Zhao6, Zengxiu Zhao16, Cangtao Zhou8, Kainan Zhou5, Weimin Zhou5, Jianqiang Zhu19, and Ping Zhu19
Author Affiliations
  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 2School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 3Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
  • 4Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  • 5Research Center of Laser Fusion, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China
  • 6High-Intensity Laser and Particle Beam Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
  • 7Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  • 8Center for Intense Laser Application Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
  • 9State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
  • 10ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
  • 11State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
  • 12Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing, China
  • 13Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology, Guangzhou, China
  • 14Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 15Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Science, Beijing, China
  • 16Hunan Key Laboratory of Extreme Matter and Applications, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
  • 17School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
  • 18Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  • 19National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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    Layout of the XL-III laser system[9" target="_self" style="display: inline;">9]..

    Fig. 1. Layout of the XL-III laser system[9]..

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    Layout of the Huairou PW laser and target areas. Target Chamber A with f/3 off-axis parabola (OAP) is used to study novel THz radiation. Target Chamber B with f/4 and f/15 OAPs is used to study interactions between the laser and cluster or near-critical density gas targets and laser-driven nuclear physics. Target Chamber C equipped with an f/40 OAP is used for studying laser wakefield acceleration and associated X-ray sources. The 3 TW/100 Hz beamline is for ultrafast X-ray and THz generation and applications.

    Fig. 2. Layout of the Huairou PW laser and target areas. Target Chamber A with f/3 off-axis parabola (OAP) is used to study novel THz radiation. Target Chamber B with f/4 and f/15 OAPs is used to study interactions between the laser and cluster or near-critical density gas targets and laser-driven nuclear physics. Target Chamber C equipped with an f/40 OAP is used for studying laser wakefield acceleration and associated X-ray sources. The 3 TW/100 Hz beamline is for ultrafast X-ray and THz generation and applications.

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    Layout of the 100 TW laser system.

    Fig. 3. Layout of the 100 TW laser system.

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    Layout of CLAPA-II.

    Fig. 4. Layout of CLAPA-II.

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    BAQIS–Tsinghua 1 PW laser system.

    Fig. 5. BAQIS–Tsinghua 1 PW laser system.

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    Layout of the Fudan–BAQIS–Tsinghua 300 TW laser system and the MeV ICS source.

    Fig. 6. Layout of the Fudan–BAQIS–Tsinghua 300 TW laser system and the MeV ICS source.

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    Layout of Zhongyuan Light.

    Fig. 7. Layout of Zhongyuan Light.

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    The 200 TW laser system at the LLP, SJTU.

    Fig. 8. The 200 TW laser system at the LLP, SJTU.

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    The experimental area at the LLP, SJTU.

    Fig. 9. The experimental area at the LLP, SJTU.

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    The 200 and 300 TW laser system.

    Fig. 10. The 200 and 300 TW laser system.

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    The vacuum chambers in the experimental area.

    Fig. 11. The vacuum chambers in the experimental area.

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    Diagram of the TDLI-LAP 2.5 PW laser.

    Fig. 12. Diagram of the TDLI-LAP 2.5 PW laser.

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    Design drawing of the LAP.

    Fig. 13. Design drawing of the LAP.

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    Schematic diagram of the SG-II 5 PW falicity. OAPM, off-axis parabolic mirror; FM, frequency modulator; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator[95" target="_self" style="display: inline;">95].

    Fig. 14. Schematic diagram of the SG-II 5 PW falicity. OAPM, off-axis parabolic mirror; FM, frequency modulator; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator[95].

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    (a) Overview of the SG-II UP laser facility. (b) Schematic diagram of the SG-II UP picosecond petawatt laser facility. (c) Large-aperture grating pulse compressor.

    Fig. 15. (a) Overview of the SG-II UP laser facility. (b) Schematic diagram of the SG-II UP picosecond petawatt laser facility. (c) Large-aperture grating pulse compressor.

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    (a) Laser bay of the SG-II UP laser facility. (b) Target chamber of the SG-II UP laser facility[94" target="_self" style="display: inline;">94].

    Fig. 16. (a) Laser bay of the SG-II UP laser facility. (b) Target chamber of the SG-II UP laser facility[94].

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    Layout (a) and schematic drawing (b) of the 200 TW/1 Hz Ti:sapphire laser[105" target="_self" style="display: inline;">105].

    Fig. 17. Layout (a) and schematic drawing (b) of the 200 TW/1 Hz Ti:sapphire laser[105].

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    Layout of the SULF.

    Fig. 18. Layout of the SULF.

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    Picture of the SULF-10 PW system.

    Fig. 19. Picture of the SULF-10 PW system.

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    Framework diagram of the SULF-1 PW beamline.

    Fig. 20. Framework diagram of the SULF-1 PW beamline.

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    Schematic diagram of the SEL-100 PW laser.

    Fig. 21. Schematic diagram of the SEL-100 PW laser.

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    The 200 TW laser system at the NUDT.

    Fig. 22. The 200 TW laser system at the NUDT.

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    Layout of the Xingguang-III laser facility.

    Fig. 23. Layout of the Xingguang-III laser facility.

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    Schematic of the present SILEX-II whole-OPCPA laser system. PCF, photonic crystal fiber; CFBG, chirped fiber Bragg grating; BS, beam splitter; PC, Pockels cell; GPP, Glan prism polarizer; HWP, half-wave plate; SF, spatial filter; AL, achromatic lens; DM, deformable mirror; OAP, on-axis parabolic mirror.

    Fig. 24. Schematic of the present SILEX-II whole-OPCPA laser system. PCF, photonic crystal fiber; CFBG, chirped fiber Bragg grating; BS, beam splitter; PC, Pockels cell; GPP, Glan prism polarizer; HWP, half-wave plate; SF, spatial filter; AL, achromatic lens; DM, deformable mirror; OAP, on-axis parabolic mirror.

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    • Table 1. Typical parameters of a PW laser system.

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      Table 1. Typical parameters of a PW laser system.

      ParametersValues
      Wavelength~800 nm
      Energy (post-compression)>30 J
      Pulse duration<30 fs (FWHM)
      Repetition rate1 Hz
      Picosecond contrast>1010@100 ps
      Pulse energy stability<0.5% (RMS, 8 h)

    • Table 2. Typical parameters of a 300 TW laser system.

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      Table 2. Typical parameters of a 300 TW laser system.

      ParametersValues
      Wavelength~800 nm
      Energy (post-compression)>8 J
      Pulse duration<25 fs (FWHM)
      Repetition rate≥3 Hz
      Contrast>1010@100 ps
      Pulse energy stability<1.0% (RMS, 1 h)
      Pointing jitter<1.0 μrad (RMS, 8 h)
      Beam size~100 mm (1/e2)

    • Table 3. Basic parameters of the SG-II femtosecond petawatt laser facility.

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      Table 3. Basic parameters of the SG-II femtosecond petawatt laser facility.

      FacilitySpectral widthPulse energyPulse durationPeak powerFocused intensity
      (nm)(J)(fs)(PW)(W/cm2)
      SG-II femtosecond petawatt laser facility8537211.761020

    • Table 4. Basic parameters of the SG-II UP picosecond petawatt laser facility.

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      Table 4. Basic parameters of the SG-II UP picosecond petawatt laser facility.

      FacilityPulsePulsePeak powerFocused intensityPulseTarget aimingSynchronization
      energy (J)duration (ps)(PW)(W/cm2)contrastaccuracy (μm)accuracy (ps)
      SG-II UP picosecond petawatt laser facility300–10000.7–10110201089.57.6

    • Table 5. Typical ultrafast high-intensity (>100 TW) and nanosecond high-energy laser facilities in China.

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      Table 5. Typical ultrafast high-intensity (>100 TW) and nanosecond high-energy laser facilities in China.

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    Yutong Li, Liming Chen, Min Chen, Feng Liu, Yuqiu Gu, Bing Guo, Jianfei Hua, Taiwu Huang, Yuxin Leng, Fei Li, Lu Li, Ruxin Li, Chen Lin, Wei Lu, Zhihui Lyu, Wenjun Ma, Xiaonan Ning, Yujie Peng, Yang Wan, Jinguang Wang, Zhaohua Wang, Zhiyi Wei, Xueqing Yan, Jie Zhang, Baozhen Zhao, Zengxiu Zhao, Cangtao Zhou, Kainan Zhou, Weimin Zhou, Jianqiang Zhu, Ping Zhu. High-intensity lasers and research activities in China[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2025, 13(1): 01000e12

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    Paper Information

    Category: review

    Received: May. 21, 2024

    Accepted: Sep. 29, 2024

    Published Online: Mar. 21, 2025

    The Author Email: Yutong Li (ytli@iphy.ac.cn)

    DOI:10.1017/hpl.2024.69

    CSTR:32185.14.hpl.2024.69

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology