Fig. 1. Typical blade vibration mode shapes

Fig. 2. Typical blades of major equipment

Fig. 3. Blade Campbell Diagram

Fig. 4. Principle of blade tip timing measurement

Fig. 5. Typical structure of blade tip timing measurement system

Fig. 6. Principle of optical fiber⁃based blade tip timing sensing

Fig. 7. Principle of capacitive tip timing sensor

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of two eddy current sensing methods

Fig. 9. Principle of microwave tip timing sensor