Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of welding

Fig. 2. Tensile specimen diagram (unit: mm)

Fig. 3. Finite element model

Fig. 4. Thermophysical properties of 6005A aluminum alloy

Fig. 5. Weld morphologies under different groove dimensions. (a) #1; (b) #2; (c) #3; (d) #4; (e) #5

Fig. 6. Microstructures of welded joint. (a) Weld zone (WZ); (b) fusion zone (FZ); (c) heat affected zone (HAZ); (d) base metal (BM)

Fig. 7. Grain morphologies and grain size distributions of welded joints. (a) WZ; (b) FZ; (c) HAZ; (d) BM

Fig. 8. Macroscopic morphologies of tensile fractures. (a)(b) Welded joint; (c)(d) BM

Fig. 9. Tensile fracture morphologies. (a) Low-magnification image of welded joint; (b) high-magnification image of welded joint;

Fig. 10. Microhardness values of different welded joints

Fig. 11. Welding temperature fields. (a) Transient temperature field; (b) temperature field of melt pool

Fig. 12. Comparison of weld cross sections

Fig. 13. Temperature curve at position of minimum hardness