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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 19, 1913012(2024)

Integrated Photonic Engine Chips for Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (Invited)

Weixi Liu1,2, Hengzhen Cao1, Chengfeng Wen1, Jiahao Wu1, Yuanchen Chen1, Daoxin Dai1,2, and Yaocheng Shi1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang ,China
  • 2International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Haining Campus, Jiaxing 314499, Zhejiang , China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (16)
    Equations (1)
    References (72)
    Cited By (5)
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    Figures & Tables(16)
    Typical structure of integrated IFOG optical engine chip

    Fig. 1. Typical structure of integrated IFOG optical engine chip

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    Integrated MIOC on the indium phosphide platform[36]. (a) Schematic diagram; (b) microscope image

    Fig. 2. Integrated MIOC on the indium phosphide platform[36]. (a) Schematic diagram; (b) microscope image

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    Silicon dioxide platform fiber optic gyroscope MIOC. (a) Three-axis interferometric FOG optical engine chip[45]; (b) silicon dioxide waveguide coil[43]

    Fig. 3. Silicon dioxide platform fiber optic gyroscope MIOC. (a) Three-axis interferometric FOG optical engine chip[45]; (b) silicon dioxide waveguide coil[43]

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    Bulk lithium niobate MIOC. (a) Annealed proton exchange lithium niobate Y-waveguide structure and its scheme for achieving high polarization extinction ratio[48]; (b) dual-electrode lithium niobate Y-waveguide phase modulator[50]

    Fig. 4. Bulk lithium niobate MIOC. (a) Annealed proton exchange lithium niobate Y-waveguide structure and its scheme for achieving high polarization extinction ratio[48]; (b) dual-electrode lithium niobate Y-waveguide phase modulator[50]

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    TFLN MIOC with a single Y-structure[52]

    Fig. 5. TFLN MIOC with a single Y-structure[52]

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    TFLN MIOC chip developed by our research team and its Allan variance testing. (a) Thin-film lithium niobate MIOC; (b) Allan variance

    Fig. 6. TFLN MIOC chip developed by our research team and its Allan variance testing. (a) Thin-film lithium niobate MIOC; (b) Allan variance

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    Silicon nitride platform MIOC with a dual-Y structure[57-58]

    Fig. 7. Silicon nitride platform MIOC with a dual-Y structure[57-58]

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    Structure diagram of silicon nitride waveguide coil. (a) Silicon nitride waveguide coil[59]; (b) double-layer silicon nitride waveguide coil[28]

    Fig. 8. Structure diagram of silicon nitride waveguide coil. (a) Silicon nitride waveguide coil[59]; (b) double-layer silicon nitride waveguide coil[28]

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    Structure diagram of silicon waveguide coil. (a) Silicon waveguide coil [62]; (b) mode multiplexing silicon waveguide coil[63]

    Fig. 9. Structure diagram of silicon waveguide coil. (a) Silicon waveguide coil [62]; (b) mode multiplexing silicon waveguide coil[63]

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    Hybrid-integrated MIOC excluding the loop coil (hybrid-integrated photonic engine chip comprising light sources,detectors, bulk lithium niobate modulators, and silica waveguide devices)[66]

    Fig. 10. Hybrid-integrated MIOC excluding the loop coil (hybrid-integrated photonic engine chip comprising light sources,detectors, bulk lithium niobate modulators, and silica waveguide devices)[66]

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    Heterogeneously integrated MIOC (silicon and III-V compound materials hybrid-integrated optical engine chip for fiber optic gyroscopes)[67]

    Fig. 11. Heterogeneously integrated MIOC (silicon and III-V compound materials hybrid-integrated optical engine chip for fiber optic gyroscopes)[67]

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    Fully integrated MIOC[68]

    Fig. 12. Fully integrated MIOC[68]

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    Germanium-silicon heterogeneously integrated MIOC[69]. (a) Thermo-optic phase shifter; (b) PN-junction phase shifter

    Fig. 13. Germanium-silicon heterogeneously integrated MIOC[69]. (a) Thermo-optic phase shifter; (b) PN-junction phase shifter

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    Fully integrated MIOC from Anello Photonics[28]

    Fig. 14. Fully integrated MIOC from Anello Photonics[28]

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    • Table 1. Comparison of different material platform for fiber optic gyroscope chips

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      Table 1. Comparison of different material platform for fiber optic gyroscope chips

      MaterialplatformRefractive index contrastPropagation loss /（dB/cm）Minimum Bending radius /mmCommon photonic devices used in fiber optic gyroscope chips
      Si20.1‒10~0.003Modulator， germanium （Ge） Si photon detector （PD）， 3 dB coupler， polarizer
      Si3N4~0.60.001‒1~0.013 dB coupler， polarizer， waveguide coil
      SiO2~0.010.001‒0.1~53 dB coupler， polarizer， waveguide coil
      SiO2 fiber~0.004~0.0000110‒303 dB coupler， polarizer， fiber coil
      InP~0.20.1‒5~0.3Source， electrical absorption modulator （EAM）， PD， 3 dB coupler
      LN （proton exchange）~0.020.1‒10~2Modulator， 3 dB coupler， polarizer
      TFLN~0.80.001‒10~0.05Modulator， 3 dB coupler， polarizer

    • Table 2. Reported performance comparison of integrated fiber optic gyroscope chips

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      Table 2. Reported performance comparison of integrated fiber optic gyroscope chips

      PlatformSize /（mm×mm）Gyroscope performanceIntegrated photonics devices
      Bias instability /［（°）/h］Angle random walk /［（°）/h1/2］
      Si+InP［67］4.5‒‒III-V FP laser， III-V PD， III-V EAM， 3 dB modulator
      SiO2+LN+III-V［66］737‒‒InP PD， LN Y modulator， super luminescent LED （SLED）， SiO2 3 dB coupler
      III-V+Si+SiO2［68］1000‒‒SLED， III-V PD， III-V EAM， Si3N4 （L=10 m）
      Ge+Si［72］2.6×0.60.0570.011Si modulator， Ge Si PD， Si 3dB coupler， Si polarizer， Si grating coupler （GC）， fiber coil （L=1 km）
      Ge+Si［69］1.6×30.10.1Si PN modulator， Si 3 dB coupler， Si polarizer， Si GC， fiber coil （L=1 km，D=10 cm）
      TFLN［52］‒‒‒TFLN modulator， TFLN polarizer， TFLN 3 dB coupler
      SiO2 （3 axis）［45］50×200.0080.00251×3 coupler， 3 dB coupler， fiber coil （L=900 m， D=3 cm）
      Si3N4［58］7×40.2 （10 s bias stability）‒3 dB coupler， polarizer
      Si3N4［57］1000.0480.593 dB coupler， fiber coil （L=110 m， D=6 cm）
      Si3N4 waveguide coil［59］40×4058.78.52Waveguide coil （L=3 m， D=4 cm， loss is 0.78 dB/m）
      SiO2 waveguide coil［43］110×1107.321.26Waveguide coil （L=2.14 m， D≈6.2 cm， loss is 4 dB/cm）
      SiO2 waveguide coil［46］70×70110.5130Waveguide coil （L=2.434 m， D≈7 cm）
      Si waveguide coil［62］0.6×0.71.8×104‒Waveguide coil （L=2.76 cm， D≈0.038 cm， loss is 1.3 dB/cm）
      Si+Si3N4waveguide coil［28］2×50.2‒Si modulator， Ge Si PD， Si 3 dB coupler， Si polarizer， Si3N4 waveguide coil （L=50 m， loss is 0.2 dB/cm）
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    Weixi Liu, Hengzhen Cao, Chengfeng Wen, Jiahao Wu, Yuanchen Chen, Daoxin Dai, Yaocheng Shi. Integrated Photonic Engine Chips for Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(19): 1913012

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    Paper Information

    Category: Integrated Optics

    Received: Jul. 1, 2024

    Accepted: Aug. 13, 2024

    Published Online: Oct. 18, 2024

    The Author Email: Yaocheng Shi (yaocheng@zju.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP241584

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP241584

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology