Effects of Spatiotemporal Properties of Radially Polarized Ultrashort Pulses on Electron Acceleration

Fig. 1. Spectra of pulse at focal point. (a) $s = 4.12$ , $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (b) $s = 28.40$ , $τ_{p} = 1.37 T_{0}$ ; (c) $s = 100.00$ , $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Fig. 2. Integration values of frequency intervals and the instantaneous frequency at focal point. (a) Instantaneous frequency of $E_{z}$ when $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (b) integration values of frequency intervals when $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (c) instantaneous frequency of $E_{z}$ when $τ_{p} = 2.6 T_{0}$ ;(d) integration values of frequency intervals when $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Fig. 3. Variation of pulse peak intensity with the z-coordinate under different beam waist $w_{0}$

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Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of electron acceleration

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Fig. 5. Kinetic energy evolution of electron versus time

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Fig. 6. Exit kinetic energy of electron versus the initial phase $ϕ_{0}$ and the initial positions when $w_{0} = 0.4 μ m$ . (a) $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (b) $τ_{p} = 1.37 T_{0}$ ; (c) $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Fig. 7. Evolutions of kinetic energy, the instantaneous frequency, and the instantaneous intensity versus time when $w_{0} = 0.4 μ m$ . (a)‒(c) $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (d)‒(f) $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Fig. 8. Exit kinetic energy of electron versus the initial phase $ϕ_{0}$ and the initial positions when $w_{0} = 1 μ m$ . (a) $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (b) $τ_{p} = 1.37 T_{0}$ ; (c) $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Fig. 9. Evolutions of kinetic energy, instantaneous frequency, and the instantaneous intensity versus time when $w_{0} = 1 μ m$ . (a)‒(c) $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (d)‒(f) $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Fig. 10. Exit kinetic energy of the electron versus the initial phase $ϕ_{0}$ and the initial positions when $w_{0} = 5 μ m$ . (a) $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (b) $τ_{p} = 1.37 T_{0}$ ; (c) $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Fig. 11. Evolutions of kinetic energy, instantaneous frequency, and the instantaneous intensity versus time when $w_{0} = 5 μ m$ . (a)‒(c) $τ_{p} = 0.45 T_{0}$ ; (d)‒(f) $τ_{p} = 2.60 T_{0}$

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Table 1. Average exit kinetic energy $K_{e}$ of electrons
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Table 1. Average exit kinetic energy $K_{e}$ of electrons
$w_{0}$ /μm
Pulse
duration /cycle
$K_{e}$ /（10⁸ eV） $z_{0}$ /μm $ϕ_{0}$
1 0.45 1.156 -3.0‒-9.0 0‒2π
1.37 0.921 -12.6‒-3.6
2.60 0.784 -15.0‒-6.0
5 0.45 10.060 -135.0‒0
1.37 9.650 -264.0‒0
2.60 9.660 -264.0‒0

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Xunming Cai, Keqin Fan, Xin Xin, Jiashu Lu. Effects of Spatiotemporal Properties of Radially Polarized Ultrashort Pulses on Electron Acceleration[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(8): 0832001

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