Fig. 1. Schematic of outdoor VLC system

Fig. 2. Influences of different factors on background light power. (a) Bandwidth of filter; (b) receiving FOV

Fig. 3. Common formation flying types^[18]. (a) Trailing; (b) cluster; (c) constellation

Fig. 4. Geometric relationship of formation flying model

Fig. 5. Design flow chart of orbital elements of formation flying satellite

Fig. 6. Two-satellite formation flying model based on STK

Fig. 7. Schematic of inter-satellite VLC link

Fig. 8. Solar angles of formation flying satellites. (a) F-1; (b) F-2

Fig. 9. Variations of solar angles of formation flying satellites within one year. (a) F-1; (b) F-2

Fig. 10. Distributions of background light powers in critical cases. (a) 5.92° solar angle incidence; (b) illuminance distribution of detector

Fig. 11. Background light powers at different solar angles

Fig. 12. BER as a function of SNR under different modulation schemes

Fig. 13. Performance analysis in deep space scenes. (a) Transmitting power as a function of transmission distance under different BERs; (b) BER as a function of transmitting power at different transmitting and receiving angles when transmission distance is 20 km

Fig. 14. Schematic of SIMO-VLC system for inter-satellite link

Fig. 15. BER as a function of transmitting power under different diversity detection schemes

Fig. 16. BER as a function of transmission distance under EGC merging algorithm