Chiral liquid crystals is a unique photonic material, which can be generally divided into 1D cholesteric liquid crystals and 3D blue phase liquid crystals. Benefiting from the intrinsic periodically arranged nanostructures, chiral liquid crystals not only has the optical properties that ordinary liquid crystals does not have, such as selective reflection, optical activity and circular dichroism, but also can quickly and sensitively respond to external environmental conditions, which are widely used in the fields of advanced display, dynamic anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, intelligent fabrics and so on. In recent years, with the vigorous development of 3D printing technology, researchers have developed a variety of printable chiral liquid crystal inks, prepared chiral liquid crystal materials with complex geometric structure, multi-function, and multi-stimulus-response, and further studied the potential application value of 3D printing chiral liquid crystal. In this paper, the self-assembly mechanisms of chiral liquid crystals based on 3D printing technology are systematically reviewed, such as shear-induced orientation self-assembly, anisotropic deswelling self-assembly, critical colloid concentration self-assembly, and various stimulus-responsive chiral liquid crystal materials and chiral liquid crystal functional materials with fluorescent luminescence based on 3D printing technology are mainly introduced. Finally, we summarized the prospects and potential challenges of 3D printing chiral liquid crystal materials.