Fig. 1. (a) LP path; (b) surface topography of sample with aluminum foil; (c) surface topography of sample without aluminum foil

Fig. 2. Schematic of LP

Fig. 3. Schematic of performance test positions

Fig. 4. Microstructures of samples. (a) Grain morphology without LP; (b) grain morphology with LP; (c) microstructure without LP; (d) microstructure with LP

Fig. 5. Cross-sectional microstructures of sample with LP

Fig. 6. TEM images of LP samples under different power densities. (a) Without LP; (b) 4 GW·cm-2; (c) 5 GW·cm-2; (d) 6 GW·cm-2

Fig. 7. (a) Microhardness distributions; (b) residual stress distributions

Fig. 8. Schematic of titanium alloy grain refinement by LP