Fig. 1. Schematic arrangement of thermotropic liquid crystal molecules and orthogonal polarization micrographs.（a，d）Nematic phase；（b，e）Cholesteric phase；（c，f）Near-crystalline A phase^［14］ .

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of lyotropic liquid crystal molecular arrangement.（a）Layered phase structure；（b）Hexagonal phase structure；（c）Cubic phase structure^［16］.

Fig. 3. General formula of small molecule liquid crystal structure

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of polymer liquid crystal structure.（a）Rigid main chain type；（b）Semi-rigid main chain type；（c）Tail-linked side-chain type；（d）Waist-linked side-chain type；（e）Shell type.

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the structure of CNTs.（a）SWCNTs；（b）MWCNTs.

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of different orientations of carbon hexagons along the axial direction in CNTs.（a）Armchair type；（b）Helical type；（c）Zigzag type.

Fig. 7. Variation of CNTs aggregated with electric field strength^［36］

Fig. 8. Effects of different concentrations of SWCNTs on phase transition temperature^［40］

Fig. 9. Effects of doping concentration on the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the system.（a）Unmodified and unelectrified system；（b）Modified and unelectrified sysyem；（c）Unmodified and electrified system；（d）Modified and electrified system^［24］.

Fig. 10. Variation of CNT/LCE fibers with light intensity，the gray part is CNT，and the blue part is LCE^［41］.

Fig. 11. Variation of liquid crystal current with electric field.（a）Sample without CNTs；（b）Sample with the mass fraction of doped CNTs 0.5%^［44］.

Fig. 12. Variation of resistance of the composite system with the concentration of doped CNTs^［45］

Fig. 13. Variation of electrical conductivity with frequency in pure NLC and CNT-doped LC systems^［46］

Fig. 14. Electrical conductivity of pure 6CHBT liquid crystal and SWCNT-doped LC system varies with frequency. In the figure，1 is pure 6CHBT liquid crystal，2 is the composite system doped with SWCNTs with a mass fraction of 0.1%，3 is the composite system doped with SWCNTs with a mass fraction of 0.2%^［49］.

Fig. 15. Schematic diagram of collaborative orientation for MWCNT/Ni/NLC composites in（a）voltage-off state and（b）voltage-on state^［51］.

Fig. 16. Transmission intensity of pure 5CB，0.02%，0.05% mass fraction of SWCNTs dispersed 5CB as a function of AC voltage，the vertical dotted line in the figure corresponds to the threshold voltage^［54］.

Fig. 17. Variation of dielectric constants with frequency for pure NLC and samples doped with SWCNTs.（a）Vertical componentε'⊥；（b）Parallel componentε'∥^［55］.

Fig. 18. Variation of threshold voltage and saturation voltage with the mass fraction of MWCNTs. The blue is the threshold voltage，and the orange is the saturation voltage^［57］.

Fig. 19. Stress-strain curves of pure LCE（a），and 5%（b），8%（c），12%（d）SWCNT/LCE composite systems at different temperatures^［60］.

Fig. 20. Bending of the composite film under 287 mW·cm^-2 light intensity^［62］

Fig. 21. （a）Core-shell CNT/LCE fibres，the yellow part represents the LCE fibre core and the grey part represents the CNT shell layer；（b）Bending behaviour towards light of CNT/LCE fibres，the red arrows represents the direction of light incidence；（c）Biceps behaviour of CNT/LCE fibres under light stimulation with NIR light^［41］.

Fig. 22. （a）Schematic diagram of the CNT-PDLC chemical sensing device；（b）Orientation of PDLC and CNT in the composite；（c）Reaction of the CNT-PDLC composite when absorbing acetone gas^［5］.

Fig. 23. Schematic diagram of GC/ILC/（CNT-Fe-Ni）modified electrode for electrochemical reduction of H₂O₂^［65］

Fig. 24. Changes of PVP/CNT/ChLC writing board with external environment and its corresponding molecular arrangement^［66］