Asymmetrical operation characteristics of natural circulation lead-bismuth reactor under ocean conditions

parameter	thermodynamic properties
density	${\rho _{{\rm{LBE}}} }[{\rm{kg}} \cdot {{\rm{m}}^{ - 3} }] = 11\;096.0 - 1.303\;6 \times {T_{{\rm{LBE}}} }$
saturation vapor pressure	${p_s}_{({\rm{LBE}})}[{\rm{Pa}}] = 1.11 \times {10^{10}} \cdot \exp \Bigg( - \dfrac{{22\;552.0}}{{{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}}}\Bigg)$
heat capacity	${c_p}_{({\rm{LBE}})}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = 159.0 - 2.72 \times {10^{ - 2}} \times {T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} + 7.12 \times {10^{ - 6}} \times T_{{\rm{LBE}}}^2$
internal energy	${U_{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}}] = 159.0({T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - {T_{\rm{M}}}) + \dfrac{{2.72 \times {{10}^{ - 2}}({T^2}_{{\rm{LBE}}} - {T^2}_{\rm{M}})}}{2} + \dfrac{{7.12 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}({T^3}_{{\rm{LBE}}} - {T^3}_{\rm{M}})}}{3}$${T_{\rm{M}}} = 398.15K$
enthalpy	${h_{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}}] = U + pv$
entropy	${{{S}}_{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{J}} \cdot {\rm{k}}{{\rm{g}}^{ - 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = 159.0\ln \dfrac{{{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}}}{{{T_{\rm{M}}}}} + 2.72 \times {10^{ - 2}}({T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - {T_{\rm{M}}}) + \dfrac{{7.12 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}({T^2}_{{\rm{LBE}}} - {T^2}_{\rm{M}})}}{2}$
thermal coefficient of expansion	${\beta _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = \dfrac{1}{{(8\;383.2 - {T_{{\rm{LBE}}}})}}$
pressure coefficient of expansion	${\kappa _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{P}}{{\rm{a}}^{ - 1}}] = \dfrac{1}{{(11\;096.0 - 1.303\;6{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}){{(1\;773.0 + 0.104\;9{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} + 2.87 \cdot {{10}^{ - 4}}T_{{\rm{LBE}}}^{ - 4})}^2}}}$
viscosity	${\eta _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{Pa}} \cdot {\rm{s}}] = 4.94 \times {10^{ - 4}} \times \exp \left( {\dfrac{{754.1}}{{{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}}}}} \right)$
surface tension	${\sigma _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{N}} \cdot {{\rm{m}}^{ - 1}}] = 0.367 - 5.5 \cdot {10^{ - 5}}\left( {{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - 1\;073.15} \right)$
thermal conductivity	${\lambda _{({\rm{LBE}})}}[{\rm{W}} \cdot {{\rm{m}}^{ - 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{ - 1}}] = 3.61 + 1.517 \times {10^{ - 2}}{T_{{\rm{LBE}}}} - 1.741 \times {10^{ - 6}}T_{{\rm{LBE}}}^2$

Table 2. Comparison of experimental value and calculated value of natural circulation

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Table 2. Comparison of experimental value and calculated value of natural circulation

parameter	MH flow/(kg/s)	TS flow/(kg/s)	total flow/(kg/s)	MH inlet temperature/K	MH outlet temperature/K	TS inlet temperature/K	TS outlet temperature/K
experiment	0.238	0.293	0.533	473.28	556.63	457.53	567.14
extension	0.242	0.29	0.533	473.19	559.99	473.19	565.44
error/%	−1.68	1.023	0	0.019	−0.603	0.492	0.300
RELAP5-3D	0.238	0.296	0.534	473.2	561.23	473.2	561.75
error/%	0	−1.023	−0.187	0.017	−0.826	0.490	0.950

Table 3. Comparison of design values and calculated values of key parameters in core

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Table 3. Comparison of design values and calculated values of key parameters in core

parameter	power/MW	inlet temperature/K	outlet temperature/K	flow/(kg/s)	flow rate(m/s)
design value	10	533	663	529.4	0.12356
extension	10	533.52	659.63	529.28	0.12133
error/%	0	−0.098	0.508	0.022	1.804
RELAP5-3D	10	533.34	659.1	529.84	0.12123
error/%	0	−0.064	0.588	−0.083	1.886

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Xu Wang, Ya’nan Zhao, Pengcheng Zhao, Tao Yu. Asymmetrical operation characteristics of natural circulation lead-bismuth reactor under ocean conditions[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2022, 34(5): 056006

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Paper Information

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Received: Nov. 9, 2021

Accepted: Jan. 4, 2022

Published Online: Jun. 2, 2022

The Author Email: Ya’nan Zhao (chinazhaoyanan@hotmail.com)

DOI:10.11884/HPLPB202234.210474

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology