Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 42, Issue 17, 1711002(2022)
Key Technologies and Advances of Dual-Tracer Positron Emission Tomography
Figures & Tables(9)
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of machine learning algorithm for dual-tracer PET reconstruction
Table 1. Most common clinical PET tracers and their clinical applications
View tableTable 1. Most common clinical PET tracers and their clinical applications
Isotope Half-life /min Radioactive tracer Abbreviation Imaging target Clinical application 18F 109.8 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose 18F-FDG Glucose metabolism Most commonly used oncologic PET tracer 18F-Fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine 18F-FET Amino acid metabolism Brain tumors，lung cancer and inflammation differentiation 18F-Fluorothymidine 18F-FLT Cellular proliferation Benign/malignant tumor differentiation 18F-Fluortriopride 18F-FTP Fatty acid metabolism Coronary artery disease and AD 18F-Fluorodeoxyphenylalanine 18F-DOPA Neurotransmitter metabolism PD，schizophrenia and hereditary chorea 18F-Fluoromisonidazole 18F-FMISO Hypoxia Hypoxic imaging of myocardium and brain 18F-Fluoroestradiol 18F-FES Estrogen receptor Breast cancer 11C 20.4 11C-Acetate 11C-AC Acetate metabolism Hepatic carcinoma and prostatic carcinoma 11C-Choline 11C-CH Phospholipid metabolism Prostatic carcinoma，pulmonary lesions and brain tumors 11C-Flumazenil 11C-FMZ Benzodiazepine receptor Epilepsy 11C-Methionine 11C-MET Amino acid metabolism Prostatic carcinoma and brain tumors 13N 10.0 13N-Ammonia 13N-NH3 Myocardial perfusion Coronary artery disease and regional cerebral blood flow 62Cu 9.8 62Cu-Diacetyl-bis（N4-methylthiosemicarbazone） 62Cu-ATSM Hypoxia perfusion Ischemic cardiomyopathy and non-small-cell lung cancer 62Cu-Pyruvaldehyde-bis（N4-methylthiosemicarbazone） 62Cu-PTSM Blood perfusion Perfusion imaging of myocardium and brain 15O 2.0 15O-Water 15O-H2O Blood perfusion Regional cerebral blood flow 68Ga 68.3 68Ga-DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr-octreotate 68Ga-DOTATATE Somatostatin receptor Neuroendocrine tumors 68Ga-DOTA-D-Phe-Tyr-octreotide 68Ga-DOTATOC 68Ga-DOTA-NaI-octreotide 68Ga-DOTANOC
Table 2. Summary of dual-tracer PET reconstruction methods
View tableTable 2. Summary of dual-tracer PET reconstruction methods
Category Reconstruction method Dual tracer Input Minimum injection interval /min Applicable for same isotope dual-tracer PET Extra arterial sampling
required
Validation Model-based algorithm Half-live based separation［ 34 ］［13N］NH3-［18F］FDG Dual-tracer sinogram 0 No No Phantom experiments Parallel compartment modelling ［11C］FMZ-［11C］PMP Dual-tracer TACs 10 Yes Yes Computer simulation and human studies［ 40 ］［62Cu］PTSM-［62Cu］ATSM Dual-tracer TACs 10 Yes Yes Computer simulation and dog studies［ 42 ］Reference-region compartment modelling［ 48 ］［11C］FMZ-［11C］DTBZ Dual-tracer TACs 30 Yes No Human studies Reduced parameter space kinetic modelling［ 49 ］［18F］FLT-［18F］FDG Dual-tracer TACs 32 Yes Yes Human studies Background subtraction［ 52 ］［13N］NH3
（rest & stress）
Dual-tracer TACs 10 Yes Yes Human studies State-space direct reconstruction ［11C］AC-［18F］FDG Dual-tracer sinogram 5 Yes No Computer simulation and phantom experiments［ 53 ］Direct parametric image reconstruction in reduced parameter space［ 54 ］［18F］FLT-［18F］FDG Dual-tracer sinogram 15 Yes No Computer simulation and mice studies Data-driven algorithm PCA based single-tracer component fitting［ 55 ］［11C］AC-［18F］FDG Dual-tracer TACs 10 Yes No Computer simulation Generalized factor analysis of dynamic sequences［ 56 ］［18F］FDG-［11C］raclopride Dual-tracer images 20 Yes No Computer simulation and monkey studies SAE based dual-tracer PET signal separation［ 57 ］［11C］AC-［18F］FDG Dual-tracer TACs 0 Yes No Computer simulation 3D-CNN based dual-tracer PET reconstruction［ 59 -60 ］［11C］FMZ-［11C］DTBZ Dual-tracer sinogram 0 Yes No Computer simulation and mice studies Prompt Gamma positron emitters EM based reconstruction［ 65 ］Pure 18F-62Cu Dual-tracer sinogram >0 No No Computer simulation
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Jinmin Xu, Huafeng Liu. Key Technologies and Advances of Dual-Tracer Positron Emission Tomography[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2022, 42(17): 1711002
Paper Information
Category: Imaging Systems
Received: May. 31, 2022
Accepted: Jul. 28, 2022
Published Online: Sep. 16, 2022
The Author Email: Liu Huafeng (liuhf@zju.edu.cn)
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