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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 3, 0328001(2024)

Nonlinearity Correction Technology for Light Source of Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Light Detection and Ranging (Invited)

Yidong Tan†、* and Chenxiao Lin1、†
Author Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (12)
    Equations (5)
    References (53)
    Cited By (6)
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    Figures & Tables(12)
    Schematic diagram of FMCW LiDAR

    Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of FMCW LiDAR

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    Diagram of working principle of FMCW LiDAR

    Fig. 2. Diagram of working principle of FMCW LiDAR

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    Diagram of swept nonlinearity in FMCW LiDAR

    Fig. 3. Diagram of swept nonlinearity in FMCW LiDAR

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    Diagram of working principle of iterative predistortion

    Fig. 4. Diagram of working principle of iterative predistortion

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    Diagram of working principle of optoelectronic phase-locked-loop

    Fig. 5. Diagram of working principle of optoelectronic phase-locked-loop

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    Diagram of working principle of equal-frequency resampling

    Fig. 6. Diagram of working principle of equal-frequency resampling

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    Schematic diagram of resampling-based self-mixing FMCW LiDAR[34]. (a) System configuration; (b) swept light source; (c) auxiliary path; (d) data acquisition flowchart

    Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of resampling-based self-mixing FMCW LiDAR[34]. (a) System configuration; (b) swept light source; (c) auxiliary path; (d) data acquisition flowchart

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    Long-distance imaging results[39]

    Fig. 8. Long-distance imaging results[39]

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    Prototype of self-mixing FMCW LiDAR[39]

    Fig. 9. Prototype of self-mixing FMCW LiDAR[39]

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    Schematic diagram of comb-calibrated FMCW LiDAR

    Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of comb-calibrated FMCW LiDAR

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    Schematic diagram of FMCW LiDAR based on external frequency modulation

    Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of FMCW LiDAR based on external frequency modulation

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    • Table 1. Summary of swept nonlinearity calibration methods in FMCW LiDAR

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      Table 1. Summary of swept nonlinearity calibration methods in FMCW LiDAR

      MethodCalibration principleApplicable laserTechnical characteristicsLimitation
      Iterative precorrectionCalculate the nonlinear residual and compensate for the input voltage，and find the optimal solution through cyclic iteration before measurementSwept DFB/DBR laser through current injection modulationLow cost，simple system，and algorithm dependent iterative convergence speedNeed for periodic calibration to maintain accuracy，not suitable for situations with significant environmental changes
      Photoelectric phase-locked loopCompare the beat frequency signal with the output signal of the reference source，and use the integration of the mixed DC signal as input electrical signalSwept DFB/DBR laser through current，external cavity semiconductor laserGood real time performance，and the correction effect depends on the stability of the phase-locked loopConstruction of phase-locked loop is relatively complex，and the system cost is relatively high
      Equal-frequency resamplingFind equal frequency points of auxiliary interferometers，and resample the measurement signalAny type of swept laserLow cost，high stability，strong generalization ability.System has a large volume，and the method is not suitable for ranging jittery targets
      Optical frequency comb calibrationOutput light interferes with the optical frequency comb to achieving mode locking.Any type of swept laserHigh calibration accuracy and good real-time performanceExpensive and complex optical frequency comb systems with high costs and complexity
      Linear external modulationUsing an electro-optic modulator to directly output linearly swept lightSingle-frequency laserSimple implementation，high sweep linearity，good robustness，and fast sweep speedNeed for high-end microwave arbitrary signal generator，which has high system cost and limited swept bandwidth
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    Yidong Tan, Chenxiao Lin. Nonlinearity Correction Technology for Light Source of Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Light Detection and Ranging (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(3): 0328001

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    Paper Information

    Category: Remote Sensing and Sensors

    Received: Nov. 5, 2023

    Accepted: Dec. 3, 2023

    Published Online: Mar. 7, 2024

    The Author Email: Yidong Tan (tanyd@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP232667

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP232667

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology