Journal of Resources and Ecology, Volume. 11, Issue 6, 549(2020)
Measurement and Comparison of Urban Haze Governance Level and Efficiency based on the DPSIR Model: A Case Study of 31 Cities in North China
Figures & Tables(8)
Fig. 2. Overall changes in the level and efficiency of urban haze governance in North China from 2007 to 2016
Fig. 3. Distribution of urban haze governance level (a) and efficiency (b) in North China from 2007 to 2016
Table 1.
Index system of haze governance level
View tableView in ArticleTable 1.
Index system of haze governance level
Target layer Rule layer Index layer Unit Direction Haze governance level Driving force Municipal public infrastructure investment ×104 yuan positive Urban personnel in the management of water conservancy, environment, and public facilities ×104 person positive Energy consumption per unit of GDP tons of standard coal (×104 yuan)-1 negative Pressure Effluent discharge t negative Sulfur dioxide emission t negative Dust discharge t negative State Proportion of secondary industry % negative Mean of PM2.5 μg m-3 negative Impact Domestic tourism revenue ×104 yuan positive Comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste % positive Green coverage in built-up areas % positive Response Spending on science and technology as a share of GDP % positive Spending on education as a share of GDP % positive Number of patent applications granted in different regions number positive
Table 2.
Index system of haze governance efficiency
View tableView in ArticleTable 2.
Index system of haze governance efficiency
Index type Primary index Secondary indicators Unit Direction Input indicators Capital investment Municipal public infrastructure investment ×104 yuan positive Spending on science and technology as a share of GDP % positive Spending on education as a share of GDP % positive Labor input Urban personnel in the management of water conservancy, the environment, and public facilities ×104 person positive Technology input Number of patent applications granted in different regions number positive Resources input Energy consumption per unit of GDP tons of standard coal (×104 yuan)-1 negative Output indicators Desirable output Domestic tourism revenue ×104 yuan positive Comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste % positive Green coverage in built-up areas % positive Undesirable output Industrial wastewater discharge t negative Industrial sulfur dioxide emissions t negative Industrial dust emission t negative PM2.5 μg m-3 negative
Table 3.
Comparisons of haze governance level and efficiency for 31 cities in North China
View tableView in ArticleTable 3.
Comparisons of haze governance level and efficiency for 31 cities in North China
Region Haze governance level Haze governance efficiency Indifference between rank of level versus efficiency 2007 2010 2013 2016 Mean Ranking for level 2007 2010 2013 2016 Mean Ranking for efficiency Taiyuan 0.736 0.696 0.871 0.855 0.777 1 1.042 1.066 1.212 1.279 1.165 16 ↑ Shijiazhuang 0.652 0.604 0.524 0.650 0.629 2 1.003 1.036 1.040 1.029 1.011 24 ↑ Hohhot 0.458 0.456 0.364 0.483 0.471 3 1.334 1.427 1.398 1.117 1.401 4 ↑ Tangshan 0.485 0.510 0.339 0.342 0.448 4 1.023 1.033 1.022 1.013 0.945 26 ↑ Baotou 0.434 0.407 0.342 0.392 0.419 5 1.235 1.328 1.183 1.242 1.214 13 ↑ Handan 0.422 0.433 0.353 0.362 0.409 6 1.009 1.031 1.040 0.764 0.963 25 ↑ Baoding 0.433 0.413 0.366 0.414 0.401 7 1.109 1.089 1.353 1.668 1.275 9 ↑ Qinhuangdao 0.488 0.393 0.305 0.406 0.382 8 1.605 1.240 1.208 1.044 1.278 8 no change Changzhi 0.354 0.378 0.336 0.361 0.365 9 1.006 0.733 0.691 1.006 0.810 29 ↑ Datong 0.368 0.390 0.319 0.334 0.362 10 1.001 1.053 1.049 1.144 1.028 22 ↑ Ordos 0.328 0.379 0.276 0.248 0.359 11 1.468 1.672 1.345 1.364 1.437 3 ↓ Zhangjiakou 0.380 0.324 0.284 0.355 0.343 12 1.004 1.038 1.096 1.152 1.053 21 ↑ Jinzhong 0.334 0.352 0.318 0.342 0.340 13 1.072 1.200 1.374 1.370 1.194 14 ↑ Xinzhou 0.350 0.376 0.366 0.303 0.339 14 1.729 1.297 1.125 0.738 1.157 18 ↑ Langfang 0.464 0.373 0.258 0.358 0.336 15 1.280 1.049 1.069 1.091 1.088 20 ↑ Hulun Buir 0.312 0.321 0.282 0.289 0.327 16 2.251 2.394 1.955 1.211 1.912 1 ↓ Chifeng 0.389 0.331 0.266 0.323 0.321 17 1.361 1.138 1.135 1.206 1.170 15 ↓ Linfen 0.330 0.352 0.290 0.299 0.319 18 1.039 1.053 0.721 0.701 0.839 28 ↑ Chengde 0.362 0.330 0.264 0.319 0.316 19 1.012 1.094 1.212 1.104 1.159 17 ↓ Lvliang 0.285 0.320 0.314 0.313 0.313 20 1.398 1.058 0.725 1.001 1.138 19 ↓ Jincheng 0.329 0.315 0.287 0.261 0.309 21 1.080 1.007 1.018 1.049 1.026 23 ↑ Ulanqab 0.290 0.277 0.251 0.248 0.282 22 1.835 1.224 1.473 1.748 1.580 2 ↓ Xingtai 0.309 0.305 0.211 0.296 0.275 23 1.084 1.048 1.003 0.562 0.865 27 ↑ Wuhai 0.290 0.305 0.257 0.306 0.273 24 1.591 1.238 1.319 1.318 1.283 7 ↓ Cangzhou 0.333 0.281 0.207 0.271 0.269 25 1.389 1.577 1.078 1.029 1.249 11 ↓ Yuncheng 0.274 0.261 0.258 0.242 0.264 26 0.494 1.010 0.664 1.001 0.799 31 ↑ Shuozhou 0.251 0.270 0.258 0.196 0.256 27 1.390 1.248 1.328 1.236 1.345 5 ↓ Yangquan 0.285 0.302 0.227 0.210 0.255 28 1.106 1.132 1.251 1.232 1.263 10 ↓ Bayan Nur 0.257 0.353 0.232 0.225 0.255 29 1.008 1.473 1.139 1.117 1.216 12 ↓ Tongliao 0.281 0.303 0.229 0.219 0.252 30 0.662 1.182 1.081 0.840 0.808 30 no change Hengshui 0.298 0.256 0.177 0.237 0.222 31 1.268 1.137 1.459 1.745 1.323 6 ↓ Hebei 0.421 0.384 0.299 0.365 0.366 Ⅰ 1.162 1.125 1.144 1.109 1.110 Ⅱ ↑ Shanxi 0.354 0.365 0.349 0.338 0.354 Ⅱ 1.123 1.078 1.014 1.069 1.069 Ⅲ ↑ Inner Mongolia 0.338 0.348 0.278 0.304 0.329 Ⅲ 1.416 1.453 1.337 1.240 1.336 Ⅰ ↓ North China 0.373 0.367 0.311 0.337 0.351 ‒ 1.222 1.203 1.154 1.133 1.161 ‒ ‒
Table 4.
Descriptive statistics of the main variables
View tableView in ArticleTable 4.
Descriptive statistics of the main variables
Variable Variable name Unit Observations Mean S.D. Minimum value Maximum value hgl Haze governance level - 310 0.35 0.12 0.177 0.87 hge Haze governance efficiency - 310 1.16 0.31 0.484 2.66 pgdp GDP per capita yuan person-1 310 48973.99 46015.47 8395 371725 is Proportion of secondary industry % 310 51.74 8.30 27.87 73.71 fdi Actual utilization of foreign capital ×104 yuan 310 228000 245000 1328.46 1300000 ds Population density person km-2 310 4467.28 3429.06 248 12968 js Proportion of construction land in urban area % 310 13.15 14.21 0.67 97.18
Table 5.
Analysis of factors affecting the level and efficiency of haze governance
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Analysis of factors affecting the level and efficiency of haze governance
Variables ln hgl ln hge Regression coefficient T statisticRegression coefficient T statisticC 0.2759** 2.35 0.4642 0.74 ln pgdp -0.0141*** -3.48 -0.0786*** -3.63 ln is 0.0530** 2.19 0.1264 0.98 ln fdi -0.0067** -2.15 0.0174 1.04 ln ds 0.0052 1.09 -0.0125 -0.49 ln js -0.0008 -0.14 -0.0604** -2.02 R 20.0935 0.0723 F -statistic5.65 4.27 Prob( F -statistic)0.0000 0.0000 N 310 310
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Qinlin XIAO, Chao TIAN, Yanjun WANG, Xiuqing LI, Liming XIAO. Measurement and Comparison of Urban Haze Governance Level and Efficiency based on the DPSIR Model: A Case Study of 31 Cities in North China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(6): 549
Paper Information
Category: Resource Economy
Received: May. 28, 2020
Accepted: Aug. 2, 2020
Published Online: Apr. 23, 2021
The Author Email: XIAO Liming (xiaolm1972@163.com)
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