Acta Geographica Sinica, Volume. 75, Issue 10, 2224(2020)

Measurement of spatial deprivation of eco-migrant villages and its impact factors in Ningxia

Xiwu HU1, Xiaopeng LIU5, Yue HUANG6, Lijun HUANG2,3,4, and Mei DONG2
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Economics and Management, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
  • 2School of Economics and Management, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • 3Center for Western Development Research, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • 4Ningxia Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • 5College of Resources and Environmental Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
  • 6Science and Technology Department, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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    Figures & Tables(16)
    Theoretical framework of EMVs' SD and spatial reconstruction
    Location of the study area and distribution of EMVs' samples
    Cluster diagram of total SDI of EMVs in Ningxia
    Moran scatter plot of SDI of EMVs in Ningxia
    Sketch map of spatial and temporal differentiation of EMVs' SD in Ningxia
    Explanatory capacity graph of impact factors of SD
    • Table 1. Composition table of EMVs' SDI system in Ningxia

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      Table 1. Composition table of EMVs' SDI system in Ningxia

      维度序号指标名称指标释义
      宁夏生态移民村空间剥夺指标体系A收入就业B1C1人均可支配收入(元)反映生态移民家庭整体收入水平
      C2户均耕地面积(亩)反映生态移民家庭农业收入来源
      C3户均牲畜养殖(头)反映生态移民家庭畜牧业收入来源
      C4人均外出务工收入(元)反映生态移民家庭非农收入来源
      C5户均低保资金(元)反映生态移民所在地政府支持水平
      C6家庭劳动力人口比例(%)反映生态移民家庭整体收入潜力
      C7务工劳动力比例(%)反映生态移民家庭非农收入潜力
      教育培训B2C8学前教育便利程度分级测评(最高5分,最低1分)
      C9义务教育便利程度乡镇初级中学距离,反映生态移民义务教育便利性
      C10高中入学率(%)当年上高中的人数/当年初中毕业人数×100%
      C11家庭劳动力平均受教育年限(年)反映生态移民家庭劳动力综合素质
      C12掌握一门致富技能的人口占比(%)反映生态移民家庭可持续致富能力
      C13技术培训农户覆盖率(%)反映生态移民家庭致富能力获取情况
      C14教育支出占家庭消费支出比例(%)反映生态移民家庭教育投入情况
      社会 生活B3C15新农合医保参保率(%)反映生态移民村医疗保障水平
      C16医疗服务满意度分级测评(最高5分,最低1分),反映村级医疗服务状况
      C17户均彩电拥有比例(%)反映生态移民文化生活状况
      C18智能手机使用率(%)反映生态移民文化交流便捷性
      C19文化活动满意度分级测评(最高5分,最低1分),反映村级文化活动开展状况
      C20农村养老保险参保率(%)反映生态移民社会保障水平
      C21社会交往空间范围指数分级测评(县外5分,县内乡外3分,乡内1分),反映生态移民社会活动及融合情况
      住房环境B4C22人均住房使用面积(m2)反映生态移民住房宽敞度
      C23住房质量(类型)反映生态移民住房舒适度和安全性
      C24卫生厕所情况(类型)反映生态移民住房舒适度与卫生度
      C25清洁能源使用率(%)反映生态移民家庭生活质量
      C26农村安全饮水比率(%)
      C27周边道路(类型)反映生态移民居住的道路环境
      C28公共环境卫生定期维护率(%)反映生态移民居住的卫生环境
      公共服务可达性B5C29集市距离(km)反映生态移民购物便利性
      C30乡镇医院距离(km)反映生态移民就医便利性
      C31公交车站距离(km)反映生态移民社会交往便利性
      C32长途汽车站距离(km)
      C33火车站距离(km)
      C34省道距离(km)反映生态移民村发展资源可达性
      C35高速公路入口距离(km)
    • Table 2. Weights of EMVs' SDI in Ningxia

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      Table 2. Weights of EMVs' SDI in Ningxia

      指标aibiciaibiciwi指标aibiciaibiciwi
      人均可支配收入0.2260.0330.0190.0001380.197文化活动满意度0.0080.0360.0170.0000050.007
      户均耕地面积0.1070.0230.0270.0000680.098农村养老保险参保率0.0080.0380.0410.0000130.018
      户均牲畜养殖0.0730.0230.0230.0000370.053社会交往空间范围指数0.0080.0170.0390.0000050.007
      人均外出务工收入0.0500.0310.0180.0000270.039人均住房使用面积0.0260.0350.0160.0000140.020
      户均低保资金0.0390.0180.0170.0000120.017住房质量0.0180.0310.0190.0000100.015
      家庭劳动力人口比例0.0340.0370.0150.0000190.027卫生厕所0.0110.0310.0210.0000070.010
      务工劳动力比例0.0340.0320.0170.0000180.025清洁能源使用率0.0090.0360.0200.0000060.009
      学前教育便利程度0.0580.0330.0170.0000330.047农村安全饮水比率0.0050.0390.0960.0000190.028
      义务教育便利程度0.0350.0170.0250.0000150.021周边道路0.0050.0260.0940.0000110.016
      高中入学率0.0260.0340.0210.0000190.027公共环境卫生定期维护率0.0050.0150.0560.0000040.006
      家庭劳动力平均受教育年限0.0190.0330.0180.0000110.016集市距离0.0250.0270.0370.0000250.036
      掌握一门致富技能的人口比重0.0140.0240.0200.0000070.009乡镇医院距离0.0120.0200.0220.0000050.008
      技术培训农户覆盖率0.0130.0200.0210.0000050.008公交车站距离0.0080.0250.0310.0000060.008
      教育支出占家庭消费支出比重0.0120.0190.0170.0000040.006长途汽车站距离0.0050.0310.0230.0000040.005
      新农合医保参保率0.0460.0390.0630.0001130.162火车站距离0.0040.0290.0230.0000030.004
      医疗服务满意度0.0220.0350.0160.0000120.017省道距离0.0040.0190.0350.0000030.004
      户均彩电拥有比例0.0160.0380.0160.0000100.014高速公路入口距离0.0030.0210.0240.0000020.002
      智能手机使用率0.0140.0370.0190.0000100.014
    • Table 3. Sampling types of EMVs in Ningxia

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      Table 3. Sampling types of EMVs in Ningxia

      地形地貌类型数量(个)移民时段类型数量(个)资源依托类型数量(个)民族构成类型数量(个)
      平原19吊庄移民时期(1983—2000年)6农业资源型22汉族村20
      台地14易地扶贫搬迁移民时期(2001—2007年)4交通廊道型33
      丘陵12中部干旱带生态移民时期(2007—2011年)17产业园区型2回族村32
      旅游景区型3
      山地25中南部地区生态移民时期(2011—2015年)43城镇郊区型5回汉混居村18
      复合依托型5
    • Table 4. SDI table of EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

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      Table 4. SDI table of EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

      县市区乡镇移民村空间剥夺总指数收入就业指数教育培训指数社会生活指数居住环境指数公共服务可达性指数县市区乡镇移民村空间剥夺总指数收入就业指数教育培训指数社会生活指数居住环境指数公共服务可达性指数
      金凤区良田兴源0.2720.1420.0540.0280.0450.003原州区彭堡惠德0.3590.1950.0820.0340.0390.009
      和顺0.2700.1650.0490.0150.0380.003三营广和0.4870.2910.0890.0630.0370.006
      西夏区镇北堡团结0.4390.1020.0660.2100.0510.009团结0.4340.3050.0550.0240.0460.005
      同阳0.3480.2020.0640.0400.0360.006西吉县田坪田坪0.3790.2080.0630.0300.0650.012
      灵武市郝家桥狼皮梁0.3550.1610.0680.0790.0400.008什字中安0.5010.3090.0830.0410.0540.015
      永宁县胜利杨显0.3450.1460.0630.0920.0410.002新营车路湾0.3390.1820.0700.0310.0400.016
      贺兰县洪广金山0.2970.1220.0820.0450.0330.015马建马建0.3900.2350.0680.0360.0440.007
      广荣0.3860.2600.0540.0430.0230.006白虎0.4390.2950.0660.0300.0400.010
      欣荣0.3380.2200.0540.0250.0300.009兴隆秀屿0.4020.2370.0710.0480.0410.006
      南梁台铁东0.3080.1690.0600.0310.0440.003硝河和美0.3790.2170.0760.0370.0440.005
      大武口星海星海0.2920.1650.0420.0530.0310.001吉强兴德0.4190.2700.0750.0290.0360.008
      平罗县红崖子红翔0.4800.2690.0810.0790.0440.007彭阳县城阳沟圈0.3570.1890.0610.0480.0460.013
      陶乐庙庙湖0.3880.2210.0650.0600.0350.007长城0.3710.2350.0650.0200.0430.007
      五堆子五堆子0.3250.1980.0640.0210.0340.008新集团结0.3690.2000.0850.0280.0480.007
      利通区扁担沟同利0.4010.1960.0500.1000.0430.010古城皇甫0.3980.2600.0710.0340.0310.002
      青铜峡青铜峡同进0.4580.2760.0710.0720.0330.006隆德县城关峰台0.3840.2290.0740.0320.0470.002
      盐池县惠安堡惠安堡0.3700.1830.0630.0830.0350.006沙塘清泉0.3340.1900.0700.0280.0420.004
      冯记沟冯记沟0.3240.2010.0560.0190.0420.005杨河串河0.3530.1940.0800.0300.0390.009
      花马惠泽0.2940.1110.0720.0700.0380.003泾源县兴盛兴明0.4280.2420.0990.0370.0430.007
      南苑0.2720.1480.0440.0500.0290.001黄花红土0.4660.2710.0660.0780.0470.004
      同心县河西旱天岭0.4880.3000.0770.0400.0340.037香水园子0.4200.2260.0890.0550.0440.006
      菊花台0.4410.2990.0440.0380.0340.026兴盛下黄0.4220.2360.0950.0360.0470.009
      上河湾0.5120.3190.0730.0620.0440.014红旗0.4510.2680.0910.0360.0470.008
      李沿子0.4840.3310.0620.0260.0390.027泾河源兰大庄0.4320.2470.1020.0340.0440.005
      同富0.4780.3070.0660.0440.0390.022龙潭0.4090.2390.0950.0250.0460.005
      同德0.4510.3090.0510.0240.0380.029大湾周沟0.3650.2010.0820.0370.0430.003
      下马关新园0.4100.2410.0480.0600.0460.015苏堡0.3570.2140.0630.0230.0510.006
      王团大沟沿0.4260.2520.0870.0370.0450.006海原县高崖新民0.4560.2840.0520.0470.0590.014
      石狮惠安0.3280.1650.0450.0700.0450.003李旺新源0.4600.2910.0760.0330.0460.014
      石狮庙儿岭0.3580.2050.0720.0300.0450.004七营张堡0.3590.1930.0780.0340.0440.009
      原州区头营利民0.3700.2190.0640.0280.0450.015南堡0.4010.2430.0720.0330.0430.011
      圆德0.3700.2210.0650.0330.0400.010西安甘盐池0.4000.2360.0830.0300.0380.014
      三和0.3630.2280.0560.0250.0420.012中宁县徐套大麦水0.4410.2560.0660.0410.0620.015
      泉港0.3910.2450.0740.0270.0380.007太阳梁兴源0.4660.3050.0730.0410.0440.004
      黄铎堡和润0.3540.2000.0760.0340.0390.006大战场宁原0.4080.2500.0580.0570.0390.003
    • Table 5. Total SDI table of non-EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

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      Table 5. Total SDI table of non-EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

      县市区乡镇村(社区)空间剥夺总指数县市区乡镇村(社区)空间剥夺总指数县市区乡镇村(社区)空间剥夺总指数县市区乡镇村(社区)空间剥夺总指数
      原州区头营张崖0.419原州区头营南屯0.339同心县河西石坝0.421同心县河西农场0.472
      杨河0.438坪乐0.365建新0.468河西朝阳0.447
      冯洼0.413胡大堡0.301大洪沟0.506河西下河湾0.468
      杨郎0.251马园0.308塘坊0.475贺兰县洪广北庙0.268
      徐河0.303陶庄0.315艾家湾0.473洪广金鑫0.279
      头营0.268大疙瘩0.420桃山0.454洪广洪广0.352
      石羊0.337马庄0.369刺鸦嘴子0.506洪广洪西0.292
      二营0.344杨庄0.293红旗0.493洪广洪广社区0.194
      蒋河0.290大北山0.368杨河套子0.483洪广高荣0.210
      马店0.321南塬0.350马家河湾0.440洪广金沙0.259
    • Table 6. Comparison of total SDI means between EMVs and non-EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

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      Table 6. Comparison of total SDI means between EMVs and non-EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

      村庄类型宁夏全区北部引黄灌区(洪广镇)中部干旱带(河西镇)南部山区(头营镇)
      样本量总指数样本量总指数样本量总指数样本量总指数样本量总指数
      生态移民村700.39230.34160.47640.37330.341
      非生态移民村400.36970.265130.470200.34070.265
      差值-0.023-0.076-0.006-0.033
      显著性检验X 2=19.16, P=0.000Fisher P=0.033Fisher P=0.003Fisher P=0.031
    • Table 7. Comparison of the sub-SDI means between EMVs and non-EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

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      Table 7. Comparison of the sub-SDI means between EMVs and non-EMVs in Ningxia in 2017

      类型收入就业指数教育培训指数社会生活指数住房环境指数公共服务可达性指数
      生态移民村0.2280.0690.0440.0420.009
      非生态移民村0.2220.0550.0410.0380.013
      差值0.0060.0140.0030.004-0.004
      显著性检验X 2=15.33, P=0.000X 2=20.31, P=0.000X 2=5.04, P=0.081X 2=19.73, P=0.000X 2=20.78, P=0.000
    • Table 8. Classification and assignment of independent variables

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      Table 8. Classification and assignment of independent variables

      自变量变量分类及赋值
      X1地形地貌平原、台地=1,丘陵、山地=2
      X2移民时段吊庄移民、易地扶贫搬迁移民=1,中部干旱带生态移民、中南部地区生态移民=2
      X3依托资源非交通廊道型=1,交通廊道型=2
      X4民族构成汉族村=1,回族村=2,汉回混居村=3
      X5经济区带北部引黄灌区=1,中部干旱带=2,南部山区=3
    • Table 9. Results of ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression

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      Table 9. Results of ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression

      变量OLSGWR备注(前为OLS值,后为GWR值)
      因变量自变量系数tp平均值最大值最小值上四分位值中位值下四分位值
      空间剥夺总指数常数项0.1693.970.0000.1960.2530.1160.1570.2040.234AIC=-3.01, R2=0.31;AIC=-206.52, R2=0.37
      X1地形地貌0.0372.490.0160.0380.0540.0250.0290.0360.046
      X2移民时段0.0502.650.0100.0400.0420.0360.0390.0410.041
      X4民族构成0.0232.680.0090.0230.0400.0150.0160.0190.029
      收入就业指数常数项0.0170.480.6330.0420.140-0.065-0.0170.0460.105AIC=-3.36, R2=0.32;AIC=-231.45, R2=0.45
      X1地形地貌0.0312.560.0130.0340.0620.0130.0190.0300.049
      X2移民时段0.0644.060.0000.0520.0730.0290.0390.0540.064
      X4民族构成0.0152.070.0420.0150.0220.0130.0130.0140.017
      教育培训指数常数项0.0464.450.0000.0690.0790.0540.0620.0700.074AIC=-5.86, R2=0.25;AIC=-407.15, R2=0.26
      X5经济区带0.0062.870.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.0060.006
      社会生活指数常数项0.0698.000.0000.0690.0690.0690.0690.0690.069AIC=-4.45, R2=0.12;AIC=-309.24, R2=0.13
      X5经济区带-0.012-3.110.003-0.012-0.012-0.012-0.012-0.012-0.012
      住房环境指数常数项0.03613.680.0000.0380.0390.0360.0380.0390.039AIC=-7.11, R2=0.08;AIC=-497.58, R2=0.16
      X1地形地貌0.0042.350.0220.0020.0030.0000.0020.0020.003
      公共服务可达性常数项-0.002-0.650.5160.0060.020-0.0070.004-0.0020.015AIC=-7.28, R2=0.17;AIC=-543.62, R2=0.67
      X1地形地貌0.0042.800.0060.0000.010-0.015-0.0070.0010.008
      X3依托资源0.0032.220.0380.0050.017-0.002-0.0010.0040.012
    • Table 10. Interaction results by GeoDetector

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      Table 10. Interaction results by GeoDetector

      因变量交互作用项交互作用类型交互作用项交互作用类型
      空间剥夺总指数X1∩X2A类X2∩X4A类
      X1∩X3A类X2∩X5A类
      X1∩X4B类X3∩X4A类
      X1∩X5B类X3∩X5B类
      X2∩X3A类X4∩X5B类
      教育培训指数X1∩X2A类X2∩X4B类
      X1∩X3A类X2∩X5A类
      X1∩X4B类X3∩X4A类
      X1∩X5A类X3∩X5A类
      X2∩X3B类X4∩X5B类
      收入就业指数X1∩X2A类X2∩X4A类
      X1∩X3A类X2∩X5A类
      X1∩X4B类X3∩X4A类
      X1∩X5B类X3∩X5B类
      X2∩X3A类X4∩X5B类
      社会生活指数X1∩X2B类X2∩X4B类
      X1∩X3B类X2∩X5A类
      X1∩X4A类X3∩X4B类
      X1∩X5A类X3∩X5B类
      X2∩X3B类X4∩X5B类
      住房环境指数X1∩X2B类X2∩X4B类
      X1∩X3B类X2∩X5A类
      X1∩X4B类X3∩X4B类
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    Xiwu HU, Xiaopeng LIU, Yue HUANG, Lijun HUANG, Mei DONG. Measurement of spatial deprivation of eco-migrant villages and its impact factors in Ningxia[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(10): 2224

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    Paper Information

    Received: May. 29, 2019

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Apr. 14, 2021

    The Author Email:

    DOI:10.11821/dlxb202010013

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