Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 21, Issue 7, 071402(2023)
Spectral-furcated vector soliton in birefringence-managed fiber lasers
Fig. 1. Laser setup and evolution of BMS to SF-BMS. (a) The configuration and measuring system of the fiber laser. The simulated spectra and pulses for gain saturation energy of (b),(c) 80 pJ, (d),(e) 130 pJ, and (f),(g) 150 pJ. LD, laser diode; OIM, optical integrated module (performs the roles of the polarization-independent isolator, the wavelength-division multiplexer, and the optical coupler); EDF, erbium-doped fiber; SA, saturable absorber; PC, polarization controller; PMF, polarization-maintaining fiber; PBS, polarization beam splitter; OC, optical coupler; AC, autocorrelator; OSA, optical spectrum analyzer; RFSA, radio frequency spectrum analyzer; PD, photodetector; OSC, oscilloscope.
Fig. 2. Hopf bifurcation property of the laser system. (a) The bifurcation diagram versus the gain saturation energy. (b) The autocorrelation evolution over 100 RTs. (c) The temporal separation and spectral centroid separation between the two components over 100 RTs. (d) The spectral evolution over 100 RTs. (e) The concrete spectra of the breathing SF-BMS over 10 RTs. (f) The peak intensity evolution of the bicorn structure (blue line) and the sub-sidebands (orange line) over 100 RTs.
Fig. 3. Spectral evolution versus gain saturation energy (left column) and polarization orientation angle (right column). (a) The spectral separation between two peaks of the bicorn structure (orange symbol line), and the ratio between the spectral separation and bandwidth of the ux component (magenta symbol line) versus the Es. (b) Three typical spectra for θ of 0.15π but with different Es. (c) The intensity ratio between the first-order sideband and the spectral center (orange symbol line), and the ratio between the spectral separation and bandwidth of the ux component (magenta symbol line) versus θ. (d) Three typical spectra for the Es of 120 pJ but with different θ.
Fig. 4. Laser operation versus the different pump powers. Spectra, autocorrelation traces, and radio frequency spectra for the pump powers of (a)–(c) 22.6 mW, (d)–(f) 29 mW, and (g)–(i) 30.8 mW.
Fig. 5. Experimental results of the breathing SF-BMS. (a) The field autocorrelation and (b) the spectral evolution over 100 RTs. (c) The concrete spectra of the breathing SF-BMS over 9 RTs. (d) The peak intensity evolution for the zero-order sidebands (blue line) and the sub-sidebands (orange line) over 100 RTs.
Fig. 6. SF-BMS achieved in all-normal-dispersion YDF lasers. Experimental results: (a) the spectra and (b) the autocorrelation traces for the pump power of 83 mW. Simulation results: (c) the spectra and (d) the autocorrelation traces for the gain saturation energy of 75 pJ. The insets in Figs. 6(a) and 6(c) are close-ups of the bicorn structure. The inset in Fig. 6(d) displays the simulated pulse profiles.
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Zhiwen He, Dong Mao, Yueqing Du, Qun Gao, Chao Zeng, Changchi Yuan, Jianlin Zhao, "Spectral-furcated vector soliton in birefringence-managed fiber lasers," Chin. Opt. Lett. 21, 071402 (2023)
Category: Lasers, Optical Amplifiers, and Laser Optics
Received: Feb. 14, 2023
Accepted: Apr. 14, 2023
Posted: Apr. 17, 2023
Published Online: Jul. 14, 2023
The Author Email: Dong Mao (maodong@nwpu.edu.cn)