Fig. 1. (a) Microscope image of the silicon microring used in the experiment. (b) Schematic figure of the measurement setup for both characterization of the microring and investigation of its spiking dynamics. TLS, tunable laser source; PC, polarization controller; DUT, device under test; OSA, optical spectrum analyzer; CR, circulator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; BPF, bandpass filter; PD, photodetector; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; OSC, oscilloscope; EOM, electro-optical modulator. (c) Non-normalized transmission of the microring. (d) Transmission of one single resonance and its Lorentz curve.

Fig. 2. (a) Measured real-time output waveform of self-pulsation for different input powers. (b) Frequency of self-pulsation in relation to pump power.

Fig. 3. (a) Measured real-time output waveform of excitability in response to perturbation pulses of increasing power. (b) Normalized strength of the “negative” spike as a function of perturbation power. The threshold area is indicated by the shaded region.

Fig. 4. (a) Simulated and (b) measured microring neuron spikes for different wavelength detuning values of the pump and perturbation light.

Fig. 5. (a) Distribution of the excitability threshold for the microring neuron over different pump powers and wavelength detuning. (b) For Pin=1  mW and δr=−20  pm in region I, the microring neuron exhibits a typical refractory period with Ptr=0.6  mW, which is successfully suppressed by increasing the perturbation power to Ptr=2  mW. (c) For Pin=0.5  mW and δr=−40  pm in region II, the microring neuron remains silent when the perturbation power is the same as the pump power of Ptr=0.5  mW, but is excited by two perturbation pulses of Ptr=3  mW with a time duration of 80 ns.

Fig. 6. Measured real-time output waveform of refractory period with varying time intervals between two perturbation pulses. Each pulse is strong enough to excite the silicon microring neuron to emit a complete spike.

Fig. 7. Measured real-time output waveform of temporal integration with varying time intervals between two perturbation pulses. Only a subthreshold spike can be triggered by each single pulse.

Fig. 8. Measured real-time output waveform of inhibitory dynamics with varying time intervals between the excitatory and inhibitory pattens.