Process Optimization and Interfacial Microstructure and Properties Analysis of Laser Cladded IN718 Alloy

Jie Zhang; Qunli Zhang; Jianhua Yao; Zhisheng Wu; Ke Li

doi:10.3788/CJL202249.1602021

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 16, 1602021(2022)

Process Optimization and Interfacial Microstructure and Properties Analysis of Laser Cladded IN718 Alloy

Jie Zhang¹, Qunli Zhang^2、*, Jianhua Yao², Zhisheng Wu¹, and Ke Li¹

¹School of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

²Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China

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Figures & Tables(20)

Fig. 1. Gas-atomized IN718 alloy powder. (a) SEM image; (b) size distribution

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Fig. 2. Schematics of cross section of laser cladded layer and shear measurement. (a) Schematic of cross section of laser cladded layer; (b) schematic of shear specimen; (c) schematic of shear strength measurement

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Fig. 3. Effects of different process parameters on forming size of IN718 laser cladded layer . (a1)(a4) Laser power; (b1)(b4) scanning speed; (c1)(c4) powder feeding rate

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Fig. 4. Microstructures of interfacial zone between IN718 laser cladded layer and substrate. (a) Cladding layer; (b) interface; (c) FZ/HAZ interface; (d) HAZ; (e) HAZ/substrate interface

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Fig. 5. Microstructure and EDS element distribution around interface of fusion zone . (a) Microstructure; (b) EDS element distribution

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Fig. 6. Schematic of fusion boundary of laser cladded IN718 alloy

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Fig. 7. Microhardness distribution in interfacial region of IN718 laser cladded layer

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Fig. 8. Shear load-deformation curves of three parallel specimens in interfacial region of IN718 laser cladded layer

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$Interfacial shear fracture morphologies of IN718 laser cladded layer. (a) Macro-morphology; (b) micro-morphology$

Fig. 9. Interfacial shear fracture morphologies of IN718 laser cladded layer. (a) Macro-morphology; (b) micro-morphology

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Table 1. Chemical compositions of substrate and powder (mass fraction, %)
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Table 1. Chemical compositions of substrate and powder (mass fraction, %)
Element Nb Cr Fe Mo Al Ti Si C Mn Ni
Substrate 5.000 19.000 17.450 3.000 0.700 1.000 0.300 0.072 0.200 Bal.
Powder 4.920 19.200 18.100 3.190 0.540 0.970 0.200 0.045 0.040 Bal.

Table 2. Factor level table for orthogonal test of laser cladded IN718 alloy
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Table 2. Factor level table for orthogonal test of laser cladded IN718 alloy
Factor level P /W S /(mm·s^－1) F /(g·min^－1)
1 700 4 6
2 900 6 10
3 1100 8 12
4 1300 10 14

Table 3. Characteristic sizes of IN718 laser cladded layer corresponding to orthogonal test

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Table 3. Characteristic sizes of IN718 laser cladded layer corresponding to orthogonal test

Test No.	P /W	S /(mm·s^－1)	F /(g·min^－1)	W /mm	H /mm	W/H	S₁/mm²	S₂ /mm²	D /%
1	700	4	6	3.62	0.51	7.1	1.34	1.24	51.8
2	700	6	10	2.98	0.57	5.2	0.92	1.07	46.2
3	700	8	12	2.35	0.42	5.7	0.43	0.65	39.8
4	700	10	14	2.11	0.31	6.8	0.24	0.43	36.0
5	900	4	10	4.01	0.95	4.2	1.56	2.53	38.2
6	900	6	6	3.90	0.39	10.1	1.72	1.01	63.1
7	900	8	14	3.35	0.65	5.1	1.07	1.40	43.4
8	900	10	12	2.95	0.39	7.5	0.78	0.73	51.6
9	1100	4	12	4.13	1.01	4.1	1.59	2.69	37.1
10	1100	6	14	4.06	0.95	4.3	1.54	2.38	39.2
11	1100	8	6	3.89	0.32	12.1	1.61	0.77	67.7
12	1100	10	10	3.50	0.33	10.8	1.20	0.71	62.9
13	1300	4	14	4.61	1.40	3.3	1.76	4.34	28.9
14	1300	6	12	4.28	0.83	5.2	1.69	2.20	43.4
15	1300	8	10	4.02	0.58	7.0	1.62	1.47	52.5
16	1300	10	6	3.85	0.19	20.5	1.58	0.46	77.3

Table 4. Range analysis of width of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
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Table 4. Range analysis of width of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
Factor K₁ K₂ K₃ K₄ R
P 2.77 3.55 3.90 4.19 1.42
S 4.09 3.81 3.40 3.10 0.99
F 3.81 3.63 3.43 3.53 0.38

Table 5. Range analysis of height of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
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Table 5. Range analysis of height of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
Factor K₁ K₂ K₃ K₄ R
P 0.45 0.59 0.65 0.75 0.30
S 0.97 0.69 0.49 0.31 0.66
F 0.35 0.61 0.66 0.83 0.48

Table 6. Range analysis of W/H of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
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Table 6. Range analysis of W/H of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
Factor K₁ K₂ K₃ K₄ R
P 6.2 6.7 7.8 9 2.8
S 4.7 6.2 7.5 11.4 6.7
F 12.5 6.8 5.6 4.9 7.6

Table 7. Range analysis of melting area of substrate in orthogonal test
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Table 7. Range analysis of melting area of substrate in orthogonal test
Factor K₁ K₂ K₃ K₄ R
P 0.73 1.28 1.49 1.66 0.93
S 1.56 1.33 1.12 1.15 0.44
F 1.56 1.47 1.18 0.95 0.61

Table 8. Range analysis of deposition area of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
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Table 8. Range analysis of deposition area of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
Factor K₁ K₂ K₃ K₄ R
P 0.85 1.42 1.64 2.11 1.26
S 0.87 1.44 1.57 2.14 1.27
F 2.70 1.67 1.07 0.58 2.12

Table 9. Range analysis of dilution ratio of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
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Table 9. Range analysis of dilution ratio of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test
Factor K₁ K₂ K₃ K₄ R
P 43.5 49.1 51.7 50.5 8.2
S 39.0 48.0 50.8 57.0 18
F 65.0 50.0 43.0 36.9 28.1

Table 10. Chemical compositions of precipitate phase at IN718 alloy interface (mass fraction, %)
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Table 10. Chemical compositions of precipitate phase at IN718 alloy interface (mass fraction, %)
Point No. Ti Nb Ni N C Cr Fe Mo Al
1# 5.57 58.08 3.99 - 26.66 2.06 1.05 1.96 0.63
2# 13.19 15.40 13.20 - 22.17 19.42 13.15 3.18 0.29
3# 33.24 18.23 12.8 18.39 5.32 7.56 3.17 1.09 0.25

Table 11. Interfacial shear test results of laser cladded IN718 alloy
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Table 11. Interfacial shear test results of laser cladded IN718 alloy
Sample Shear area /(mm×mm) Maximum load /kN Shear strength / MPa Average shear strength /MPa
1 3.78×3.78 7.0192 491.25 608.87
2 3.78×3.79 9.0101 628.92
3 3.78×3.79 10.1203 706.42

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Jie Zhang, Qunli Zhang, Jianhua Yao, Zhisheng Wu, Ke Li. Process Optimization and Interfacial Microstructure and Properties Analysis of Laser Cladded IN718 Alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(16): 1602021

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Paper Information

Category: laser manufacturing

Received: Feb. 10, 2022

Accepted: May. 5, 2022

Published Online: Jul. 28, 2022

The Author Email: Qunli Zhang (zql@zjut.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/CJL202249.1602021

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Chemical compositions of substrate and powder (mass fraction, %)

Table 1. Chemical compositions of substrate and powder (mass fraction, %)

Table 2. Factor level table for orthogonal test of laser cladded IN718 alloy

Table 2. Factor level table for orthogonal test of laser cladded IN718 alloy

Table 3. Characteristic sizes of IN718 laser cladded layer corresponding to orthogonal test

Table 3. Characteristic sizes of IN718 laser cladded layer corresponding to orthogonal test

Table 4. Range analysis of width of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 4. Range analysis of width of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 5. Range analysis of height of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 5. Range analysis of height of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 6. Range analysis of W/H of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 6. Range analysis of W/H of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 7. Range analysis of melting area of substrate in orthogonal test

Table 7. Range analysis of melting area of substrate in orthogonal test

Table 8. Range analysis of deposition area of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 8. Range analysis of deposition area of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 9. Range analysis of dilution ratio of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 9. Range analysis of dilution ratio of IN718 laser cladded layer in orthogonal test

Table 10. Chemical compositions of precipitate phase at IN718 alloy interface (mass fraction, %)

Table 10. Chemical compositions of precipitate phase at IN718 alloy interface (mass fraction, %)

Table 11. Interfacial shear test results of laser cladded IN718 alloy

Table 11. Interfacial shear test results of laser cladded IN718 alloy