Fig. 1. Schematic of the optical imaging process through atmospheric scattering media under external illumination.

Fig. 2. Original data from fog chamber experiment. Targets in (a) high and (b) low visibility conditions, along with the average normalized values for the red region in (c) high and (d) low visibility conditions, and the blue region in (e) high and (f) low visibility conditions.

Fig. 3. Relationship between AR and τ, prediction versus data: (a) MER-232-48-GM-P NIR and (b) PCO EDGE 4.2.

Fig. 4. Relationship between number of averaging and (a) image variance and (b) SNR.

Fig. 5. Relationship between AR and τ in the field experiment.