Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of aircraft wake vortices field velocity distribution

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of radial speed calculation

Fig. 3. Using Doppler spectrum to obtain velocity envelope. (a) Doppler spectrum; (b) schematic diagram of positive and negative velocity envelopes

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of wake vortices circulation calculation

Fig. 5. Distribution of tangential velocity of a single wake vortex with distance. (a) Left; (b) right

Fig. 6. Velocity distribution diagram of wake vortices field in YOZ section. (a) P2P model; (b) CFD calculation

Fig. 7. Wake vortex dissipation process. (a) Typical wake vortex intensity dissipation process curve; (b) position distribution curve of vortex core of wake vortex in space

Fig. 8. Variations of wake vortices circulation with altitude. (a) Flight speed is fixed at 1000 km/h; (b) flight speed increases linearly with altitude

Fig. 9. Horizontal distribution of maximum tangential velocity and spatial distribution of core position of wake vortex at different altitudes.(a) Horizontal distribution of maximum tangential velocity; (b) spatial distribution of core position

Fig. 10. Comparison of actual observations and model calculations of wake vortex: (a) Dissipation over time; (b) subsidence over time