Identification of Sewage Microorganisms Using Attention Mechanism

Fig. 2. Data enhancement effect. (a) Original image; (b) flipping horizontally; (c) rotating 90°; (d) rotating 180°; (e) adding appropriate Gaussian noise

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Fig. 3. Squeeze-and-Excitation Network

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Fig. 4. Comparison images of VGG16 model before and after improvement

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Fig. 5. Training process of improved VGG16 model based on transfer learning

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Fig. 6. Accuracy change process on training set

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Fig. 7. Accuracy change process on validation set

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Fig. 8. Loss change process on training set

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Fig. 9. Loss change process on validation set

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Table 1. Comparison of number of parameters before and after model improvement
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Table 1. Comparison of number of parameters before and after model improvement
Model Number of parameters
Before improvement 70305606
After improvement 14931334

Table 2. Comparison of classification performance before and after data augmentation
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Table 2. Comparison of classification performance before and after data augmentation
Dataset Accuracy /%
Original 93.05
Augmentation 98.21

Table 3. Comparison of performance of each model
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Table 3. Comparison of performance of each model
Network Accuracy /% Time /s
VGG16 96.53 354
T-VGG16 97.26 76
T-SE-VGG16（uncut） 96.53 95
T-SE-VGG16 98.21 70

Table 4. Precision of each model

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Table 4. Precision of each model

Micro-animal	T-SE-VGG16	T-VGG16	T-SE-VGG16 （uncut）	VGG16
Rotifer	0.976	0.975	0.976	0.990
Euplotes	0.989	0.947	0.977	0.988
Peranema trichophonrum	0.990	0.979	0.989	0.916
Vorticella	1.000	0.993	0.986	0.986
Litonotus	0.947	0.958	0.894	0.973
Nematode	1.000	1.000	0.962	0.938

Table 5. Recall of each model

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Table 5. Recall of each model

Micro-animal	T-SE-VGG16	T-VGG16	T-SE-VGG16 （uncut）	VGG16
Rotifer	0.990	0.985	0.990	0.975
Euplotes	0.978	0.994	0.956	0.911
Peranema trichophonrum	0.975	0.940	0.915	0.990
Vorticella	0.986	1.000	1.000	0.986
Litonotus	0.993	0.958	0.993	0.986
Nematode	0.963	0.951	0.938	0.926

Table 6. F1-score of each model

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Table 6. F1-score of each model

Micro-animal	T-SE-VGG16	T-VGG16	T-SE-VGG16 （uncut）	VGG16
Rotifer	0.983	0.980	0.983	0.982
Euplotes	0.983	0.975	0.966	0.948
Peranema trichophonrum	0.982	0.959	0.951	0.952
Vorticella	0.993	0.996	0.993	0.986
Litonotus	0.970	0.958	0.941	0.980
Nematode	0.981	0.975	0.950	0.932