Spatial Evolution of Temperature and Electron Density in First Return Stroke Channel of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

Huayuan Shi; Simin Xue; Jin Qin; Tingting An; Lizhen Yuan; Fan Zhang

doi:10.3788/AOS231930

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 18, 1830002(2024)

Spatial Evolution of Temperature and Electron Density in First Return Stroke Channel of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning

Huayuan Shi¹, Simin Xue^1、*, Jin Qin¹, Tingting An², Lizhen Yuan², and Fan Zhang²

Author Affiliations

¹School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu , China

²College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Functional Materials of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu , China

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Fig. 1. Diagram of the experimental device

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Fig. 2. Original spectra of the lightning channel. (a) Lightning A; (b) lightning B; (c) lightning C; (d) lightning D

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Fig. 3. Spectrum of each lightning at a certain altitude of the corresponding channel. (a) Lightning A; (b) lightning B; (c) lightning C; (d) lightning D

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Fig. 4. Corona shell layer model of the return stroke channel for downward negative ground flashes

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Fig. 5. Relationship between the ratio of the relative intensities of the NII spectral lines in the lightning return stroke spectrum and the core-channel temperature T_core. (a)-(c) Relationship among I_500.5/I_568.0, I_500.5/I_444.7, I_500.5/I_463.0and T_corein lightning B; (d)-(f) relationship among I_500.5/I_568.0, I_500.5/I_444.7, I_500.5/I_463.0 and T_core in lightning D

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Fig. 6. Variations of the total ionic line intensity, core-channel temperature T_core, and core-channel electron density N_e，core along the channel. (a) Lightning A; (b) lightning B; (c) lightning C; (d) lightning D

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Fig. 7. Variations of total atomic line intensity, temperature of the corona sheath channel T_corona, and electron density of the corona sheath channel N_e，corona along the channel position. (a) Lightning A; (b) lightning B; (c) lightning C; (d) lightning D

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Table 1. Electron densities at different height positions of the discharge channel acquired by NII (444.7 nm) and H_α (656.3 nm) spectral line broadening method

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Table 1. Electron densities at different height positions of the discharge channel acquired by NII (444.7 nm) and H_α (656.3 nm) spectral line broadening method

Channel position	N_e at NII 444.7 nm /（10¹⁸ cm^-3）	N_e at H_α 656.3 nm /（10¹⁸ cm^-3）	Channel position	N_e at NII 444.7 nm /（10¹⁸ cm^-3）	N_e at H_α 656.3 nm /（10¹⁸ cm^-3）
1	3.75	0.82	11	3.16	0.53
2	3.09	0.65	12	3.23	0.60
3	2.93	0.61	13	3.16	0.48
4	3.01	0.49	14	3.22	0.62
5	3.28	0.52	15	3.25	0.53
6	2.94	0.63	16	3.01	0.43
7	3.64	0.62	17	2.59	0.41
8	3.52	0.46	18	2.72	0.28
9	3.29	0.43	19	2.73	0.29
10	2.76	0.46	20	2.74	0.40

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Huayuan Shi, Simin Xue, Jin Qin, Tingting An, Lizhen Yuan, Fan Zhang. Spatial Evolution of Temperature and Electron Density in First Return Stroke Channel of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(18): 1830002

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Paper Information

Category: Spectroscopy

Received: Dec. 14, 2023

Accepted: Feb. 2, 2024

Published Online: Sep. 11, 2024

The Author Email: Xue Simin (xsm798@163.com)

DOI:10.3788/AOS231930

CSTR:32393.14.AOS231930

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Electron densities at different height positions of the discharge channel acquired by NII (444.7 nm) and Hα (656.3 nm) spectral line broadening method

Table 1. Electron densities at different height positions of the discharge channel acquired by NII (444.7 nm) and Hα (656.3 nm) spectral line broadening method

Table 1. Electron densities at different height positions of the discharge channel acquired by NII (444.7 nm) and H_α (656.3 nm) spectral line broadening method

Table 1. Electron densities at different height positions of the discharge channel acquired by NII (444.7 nm) and H_α (656.3 nm) spectral line broadening method