As a new type of subtractive processing technology, femtosecond laser has unique advantages in material micromachining. The mechanism of femtosecond laser processing was introduced, and the factors that influence the femtosecond laser processing efficiency and processing quality were analysed. The prediction method of femtosecond laser processing parameters and surface quality was expounded. The combined application of the femtosecond laser and additive manufacturing was thenprospected. There are many factors affecting the efficiency and accuracy of femtosecond laser processing. To truly apply this fine technology on a large scale in the field of metal processing, more in-depth study of the system of femtosecond laser and its interaction with the different properties of the metal material is still needed.