Fig. 1. System setup of the lidar

Fig. 2. Calculated power spectrum density of Ch₁ and Ch₂ using 30 m range gate length. (a) Ch₁; (b) Ch₂

Fig. 3. Response function of the system

Fig. 4. Results under small wind condition. (a) Signal intensity of Ch₁ and Ch₂ at 10:50 on November 23, 2022; (b) ratio of signal intensity between Ch₁ and Ch₂; (c) radial wind velocity profiles of the proposed lidar when accumulated time is 2 s, and the velocity difference is also plotted in the below panel

Fig. 5. Results under strong wind condition. (a) Signal intensity of Ch₁ and Ch₂ at 15:48 on November 29, 2022; (b) ratio of signal intensity between Ch₁ and Ch₂; radial wind velocity profiles of the proposed lidar when accumulated time is (c) 2 s, (d) 0.5 s, and (e) 0.1 s, and the velocity differences also plotted in the below panels