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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 46, Issue 7, 0702005(2019)

Influence of Melt Flow Characteristics on Textured Bump Forming

Yonghong Fu*, Ting Huang, Yunxia Ye, Xijun Hua, Haibo Li, and Xingtao Zhong
Author Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (15)
    Equations (0)
    References (25)
    Cited By (3)
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    Paper Information
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    Figures & Tables(15)
    Physical model

    Fig. 1. Physical model

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    Computational grid

    Fig. 2. Computational grid

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    Temperature distribution of target surface at different time

    Fig. 3. Temperature distribution of target surface at different time

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    Variations of surface tension and surface tension temperature coefficient of liquid 45 steel with temperature

    Fig. 4. Variations of surface tension and surface tension temperature coefficient of liquid 45 steel with temperature

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    Flow behaviors of molten pool

    Fig. 5. Flow behaviors of molten pool

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    Evolution of surface morphology of molten pool during heating process

    Fig. 6. Evolution of surface morphology of molten pool during heating process

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    Spatial distribution of viscosity at different time

    Fig. 7. Spatial distribution of viscosity at different time

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    Morphology change in cooling process

    Fig. 8. Morphology change in cooling process

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    Comparison between experimental morphology and simulation morphology

    Fig. 9. Comparison between experimental morphology and simulation morphology

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    • Table 1. Material properties of 45 steel[3,24]

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      Table 1. Material properties of 45 steel[3,24]

      ParameterValue
      Liquid phase density ρl /(kg·m-3)7850
      Solid phase density ρs /(kg·m-3)7850
      Melting temperature Tm /K1788.5
      Vaporizing temperature Tv /K2633.5
      Latent heat of fusion Lm /(J·kg-1)2.717×105
      Surface tension of pure metal γm /(N·m-1)1.943
      Constant in surface tensiongradient Aγ /(N·m-1·K-1)4×10-4
      Dynamic viscosity of liquid phase μl /(Pa·s)5.1×10-3
      Mushy zone constant Amush106
      Surface excess at saturation Γs /(mol·m-2)1.3×10-5
      Entropy factor k13.18×10-3
      Activity of sulfur ai0.0072
      Standard heat of absorption ΔH0 /(J·mol-1)-1.88×105
      Coefficient of heat transferh /(W·m-2·K-1)10
      Radiation emissivity ε0.7
      Ambient temperature Ta /K293.15

    • Table 2. Specific heat capacity Cp and thermal conductivity k of steel 45 at different temperatures[25]

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      Table 2. Specific heat capacity Cp and thermal conductivity k of steel 45 at different temperatures[25]

      T /℃201003005007007558009001000
      Cp /(J·kg-1·℃)4724805246158541064806637602
      k /(W·m-1·℃)474338342825262524

    • Table 3. Boundary conditions

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      Table 3. Boundary conditions

      PhysicsPhysical meaningNumberBoundary condition
      Heat transferLaser irradiation3Inward heat flux
      Natural convection2,3,4Convection heat flux
      Normal stress3Normal boundary stress
      Tangential stress3Marangoni effect
      Fluid flowWall2,4No slip
      Axis1Axisymmetry
      Moving meshFixed boundary1,2,4Prescribed mesh displacement
      Free deformation3Prescribed mesh speed

    • Table 4. Laser parameters

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      Table 4. Laser parameters

      ParameterValue
      Monopulse energy Ep /mJ250
      Pulse width Pw /ms0.8
      Beam size r /μm200
      Absorption coefficient η0.39
      Temperature transition interval ofmelting ΔT /K10

    • Table 5. Width and height measured in experiment

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      Table 5. Width and height measured in experiment

      NumberHeight /μmWidth /μmNumberHeight /μmWidth /μm
      13.39145.6113.71136.1
      24.39143.7124.45147.9
      35.56152.2132.89130.9
      44.40129.5143.88146.5
      52.03126.7154.35142.7
      64.61163.9164.37144.1
      74.24129.9174.79135.2
      85.25150.3185.54146.9
      95.49129.0196.38147.0
      104.05126.2203.54126.7

    • Table 6. Comparison between experimental measurement and numerical simulation results

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      Table 6. Comparison between experimental measurement and numerical simulation results

      ResultExperimental /μmSimulation /μmDifference /%
      Height4.374.135.492
      Width144.1172.616.512
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    Yonghong Fu, Ting Huang, Yunxia Ye, Xijun Hua, Haibo Li, Xingtao Zhong. Influence of Melt Flow Characteristics on Textured Bump Forming[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(7): 0702005

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    Paper Information

    Category: laser manufacturing

    Received: Dec. 19, 2018

    Accepted: Mar. 7, 2019

    Published Online: Jul. 11, 2019

    The Author Email: Fu Yonghong (fyh@ujs.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/CJL201946.0702005

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology