The Raman spectra detection of human skin fibroblasts is studied by the growth of human skin fibroblasts on the surface of tapered fiber probe with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The tapered fiber probe is prepared by melt-pulling and chemical-etching method. The gold nanoparticles are cured by chemical self-assembly on the surface of the probe to prepare a tapered SERS fiber probe. The human skin fibroblasts are cultured on the surface of the SERS fiber probe inside the mixture of gold sol and culture medium. Then, using a micro-Raman spectrometer, we obtain the surface-enhanced Raman spectra of the human skin fibroblasts with remote detection method, meanwhile, we obtain the SERS spectra of the human skin fibroblasts with and without swallowing gold nanoparticles with direct measurement method. Based on the results of remote and direct detections, we analyze the Raman peak attribution of human skin fibroblasts, and the internal components information corresponding to the Raman characteristic peaks. The use of the tapered fiber probe allows the remote detection going deep inside the tissue, which may help the application of on-line SERS measurements in biomedical research and diagnosis. While Raman spectrum measurement of the human skin fibroblasts also provides means for the in vivo study on the mechanism of low power laser exposure in delaying wound healing.