Fig. 1. Measured true signals and ghosts in laboratory measurement

Fig. 2. On-orbit examples of signals and ghosts. (a) Example 1; (b) example 2

Fig. 3. Trajectory noise of on-orbit high energy particles

Fig. 4. Maximum number of output events in each sub-area

Fig. 5. Flowchart of cluster process of lightning events

Fig. 6. Result of lightning cluster

Fig. 7. On-board results of lightning monitor and process. (a) Detection result of lighting event; (b) result after nonlightning events filtering

Fig. 8. Contrast of lightning detection by LMI and LAND every 1 h. (a) LMI; (b) LAND

Fig. 9. Change of number of events by time