Imaging Simulation Method for Studying the Fold Surface of Space Targets

Weiwei Sun; Lei Ding

doi:10.3788/LOP230640

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 24, 2428004(2023)

Imaging Simulation Method for Studying the Fold Surface of Space Targets

Weiwei Sun^1,2,3 and Lei Ding^1,2,3、*

Author Affiliations

¹Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China

²School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China

³Key Laboratory of Infrared System Detection and Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China

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Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Ray radiation transmission path

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Fig. 2. Flow chart of inverse ray tracing radiation imaging simulation

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Fig. 3. Geometric relationship of BRDF model

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Fig. 4. Plane fold models. (a) Slight fold model; (b) medium fold model; (c) severe fold model

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Fig. 5. Plane simulation of fold. (a) Simulation of slight fold; (b) simulation of medium fold; (c) simulation of severe fold

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Fig. 6. BRDF curve images. (a) θ_i=30°; (b) θ_i=60°

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Fig. 7. Plane simulation of a fold. (a) Lambert model; (b) improved Blinn-Phong model, θ_i=6°; (c) improved Blinn-Phong model, θ_i=3°

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Fig. 8. Space target simulation image. (a) Jason satellite simulation diagram; (b) Jason main body amplification result

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Table 1. Root mean square error of simulated images

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Table 1. Root mean square error of simulated images

E_PLANE	Number of sampled rays	RMSE of uniform sampling	RMSE of cos-weighted importance sampling	Percentage reduction of RMSE	Average percentage reduction of RMSE
0.9803	1	9.0000	3.8693	57.01%	54.68%
	10	5.1428	2.5147	51.10%
	100	1.8237	0.8058	55.82%
	500	0.5844	0.2480	57.56%
	1000	0.3355	0.1613	51.92%
0.9680	1	14.3115	4.5239	68.39%	60.07%
	10	8.1629	3.4490	57.75%
	100	3.2246	1.2805	60.29%
	500	0.8869	0.3524	60.27%
	1000	0.4855	0.2250	53.66%
0.9435	1	17.0678	4.6397	72.82%	63.42%
	10	10.1596	3.8251	62.35%
	100	4.0665	1.4949	63.24%
	500	1.1018	0.4154	62.30%
	1000	0.5842	0.2548	56.38%

Table 2. RMSE of three BRDF models
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Table 2. RMSE of three BRDF models
Angle of incidence /（°） RMSE of Blinn-Phong model RMSE of improved Blinn-Phong model RMSE of Cook-Torrance model
30 17.3433 2.3129 7.4633
60 35.3959 3.1782 9.5400

Table 3. Camera simulation parameter
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Table 3. Camera simulation parameter
Simulation parameter Value
Number of pixels 9000×9000
Pixel size /μm 16×16
Focal length /mm 6000
Simulation band /μm 0.45‒0.75
Pixel sampling number 100
Trace depth 4

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Weiwei Sun, Lei Ding. Imaging Simulation Method for Studying the Fold Surface of Space Targets[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(24): 2428004

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