Study on Laser Additive Welding Process and Properties of 304L/316 Dissimilar Steel Sheets

Table 1. Mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel and 316 stainless steel
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Table 1. Mechanical properties of 304L stainless steel and 316 stainless steel
Material Yield strength /MPa Tensile strength /MPa Elongation /%
304L $\geq$ 205 $\geq$ 520 $\geq$ 40
316 $\geq$ 175 $\geq$ 480 $\geq$ 40

Table 2. Chemical composition of 304L stainless steel and 316 stainless steel

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Table 2. Chemical composition of 304L stainless steel and 316 stainless steel

Material	Mass fraction /%
Material	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	S	P	Mo
304L	$\leq$ 0.03	$\leq$ 1.0	$\leq$ 2.0	18.0-20.0	9.0-12.0	$\leq$ 0.03	$\leq$ 0.045	－
316	$\leq$ 0.08	$\leq$ 1.0	$\leq$ 2.0	16.0-18.5	10.0-14.0	$\leq$ 0.03	$\leq$ 0.035	2.0-3.0
316L powder	≤0.03	≤1.0	≤2.0	16.0-18.0	10.0-14.0	≤0.03	≤0.045	2.0-3.0

Table 3. Process parameters and their ranges
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Table 3. Process parameters and their ranges
No. Process parameter Range
1 2 3
1 Laser power /kW 0.9 1.2 1.5
2 Scan speed /（mm·s^-1） 5 10 15
3 Focal distance /mm 0 2 4

Table 4. L9 orthogonal array used for laser welding trials and responses

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Table 4. L9 orthogonal array used for laser welding trials and responses

No.	Laser power /W	Cladding speed /（m·min^-1）	Focal offset /mm	Angular deformation /（°）	Bending deformation /mm	Tensile strength /MPa
1	0.90	5	0	3.93	0.35	677.23
2	0.90	10	2	1.40	0.50	644.81
3	0.90	15	4	0.43	0.37	287.39
4	1.20	5	2	2.87	0.70	746.44
5	1.20	10	4	1.30	0.72	163.38
6	1.20	15	0	1.06	0.40	422.79
7	1.50	5	4	1.17	0.75	715.77
8	1.50	10	0	4.53	1.11	621.60
9	1.50	15	2	1.04	0.45	754.93

Table 5. Range analysis

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Table 5. Range analysis

No.	Angular deformation /（°）			Bending deformation /mm			Tensile strength /MPa
No.	A	B	C	A	B	C	A	B	C
Influence /%	10.10	36.29	53.61	45.23	46.06	8.71	31.02	28.98	40.00
1	1.92	2.66	3.17	0.41	0.60	0.62	536.48	713.15	573.87
2	1.74	2.41	1.77	0.61	0.78	0.55	444.20	476.60	715.39
3	2.25	0.84	0.48	0.77	0.41	0.61	697.43	488.37	388.85
Range	0.51	1.82	2.69	0.36	0.37	0.07	253.23	236.55	326.54

Table 6. Grey correlation coefficient

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Table 6. Grey correlation coefficient

Trial No.	Grey relation coefficient			Grade
Trial No.	$θ$ /（°）	h /mm	Tensile strength /MPa	Grade
1	0.988	1.000	0.792	0.927
2	0.997	0.999	0.729	0.908
3	1.000	1.000	0.387	0.796
4	0.992	0.999	0.972	0.988
5	0.997	0.999	0.333	0.776
6	0.998	1.000	0.471	0.823
7	0.997	0.999	0.883	0.960
8	0.986	0.997	0.689	0.891
9	0.998	1.000	1.000	0.999

Table 7. Results of angular deformation and bending deformation
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Table 7. Results of angular deformation and bending deformation
Result 1 2 3 Average
Angular deformation /（°） 1.09 1.20 1.13 1.14
Bending deformation /mm 0.51 0.55 0.53 0.53

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Yanlong Chen, Linsen Shu, Shaodong Song. Study on Laser Additive Welding Process and Properties of 304L/316 Dissimilar Steel Sheets[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(23): 2314005

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