Fig. 1. Logic scheme of the framework that models the amplification chain. The AMP function gathers data from the input matrix and calls PASS to perform the calculation.

Fig. 2. Simplified cross-sectional view of Amp 1.2’s geometrical model, illustrating beam clipping and divergence evolution during amplification. The red area shows the main beam propagation, green represents the pump diameter and the yellow arrow indicates the propagation direction. Calculated attenuation values for each pass are 0.71, 0.47, 0.71, 0.95 and 1.24. Note that the reduced diameter in the final pass enhances the extraction efficiency.

Fig. 3. Map of gain decay (in percent) at the moment when the BR reaches each amplifier.

Fig. 4. Monitoring BR amplification across the HPLS for the presented scenarios. The order of amplifiers is in line with the propagation of BR light.

Fig. 5. Gain in the post-pulse regime in different pumping scenarios with their respective pumping energies. Note the residual gain is smaller in Amp 3.1 and Amp 3.2 for the full pump scenario due to the high extraction efficiency, despite being strongly pumped before the last pass. The order of amplifiers is in line with propagation of BR light.

Fig. 6. Normalized energy and spectral output of each amplifier in the chain. (a) Simulated amplification in the spectral domain. (b) Acquired spectra from each amplifier during the 10 PW experimental campaign. (c) Measured and simulated energy for each amplifier.

Fig. 7. Evolution of the BR spectrum across the simulated amplification chain traveling from Amp 3.2 to Amp 1.1 with a negative chirp.