Fig. 1. Schematic of optical signal transmission in (a) FA and (b) PFA.

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of (a) micropillar array and (b) microhole array.

Fig. 3. Morphology and optical properties of the PFA. (a) Atomic force microscope (AFM) image and (b)surface morphology of pillar array with a period of 1200 nm. (c) Photograph of the physical PFA. (d) Absorption and emission spectra of the 630 nm CdSe/ZnS QDs in PDMS film.

Fig. 4. Schematic (a) and physical (b) diagrams of the VLC system.

Fig. 5. Spectral intensity at the edge of fluorescent antennas with different microstructures under (a) normal incidence and (b) 50° oblique incidence. (c) Transmission rates of fluorescent antennas with various microstructures. Schematic diagrams in (d) and (e) depict signal loss due to light transmission in P-PFA and H-PFA, respectively.

Fig. 6. Performance of various single-sided PFA structures: (a) performance at different incident angles; (b) average signal gain. Performance of various double-sided PFA structures: (c) performance at different incident angles; (d) average signal gain.