Alkali metals have high thermal conductivity and low melting points, making them widely used in nuclear industry and aerospace technology. In high-temperature alkali metals systems, iron-based alloys are widely used as the material of the heating wall. Due to the highly active physicochemical properties of alkali metals, oxidation and corrosion to iron-based alloys would take place under prolonged high-temperature conditions, which alters the microstructure, surface composition, and morphological characteristics of the materials, hence has influences on their mechanical and chemical properties. In this paper, the experimental methods of the oxidation and corrosion in high-temperature alkali metals system are firstly summarized, along with the oxidation and corrosion depth models and the solid metal mass loss models. The elements transport in liquid metal and solid metal during the oxidation and corrosion process are discussed. Subsequently, some methods of protection against the oxidation and corrosion are presented, such as adding buffer and surface coating. Finally, current research status and future development trend were presented.