Atmospheric Dispersion Correction Based on Electrowetting Liquid Prism

Yinchuan Feng; Anning Zhang; Yangmian Zhu; Haixin Liang; Songfeng Kou; Zhongcheng Liang; Xiaobo Ma; Rui Zhao

doi:10.3788/AOS241265

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 23, 2323001(2024)

Atmospheric Dispersion Correction Based on Electrowetting Liquid Prism

Yinchuan Feng¹, Anning Zhang¹, Yangmian Zhu^1,2,3, Haixin Liang¹, Songfeng Kou^2,3, Zhongcheng Liang¹, Xiaobo Ma¹, and Rui Zhao^1、*

Author Affiliations

¹College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu , China

²Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu , China

³CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu , China

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Figures & Tables(12)

Fig. 1. Liquid prism based on electrowetting effect. (a) Structural diagram; (b) schematic of liquid-liquid interface control

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$Deflection effect of electrowetting liquid prism for composite light. (a) Filling liquid is a combination of liquids with same refractive index and Abbe number; (b) filling liquid is a combination of liquids with same refractive index but different Abbe numbers; (c) detailed view of optical path after liquid-liquid interfacial unfolding$

Fig. 2. Deflection effect of electrowetting liquid prism for composite light. (a) Filling liquid is a combination of liquids with same refractive index and Abbe number; (b) filling liquid is a combination of liquids with same refractive index but different Abbe numbers; (c) detailed view of optical path after liquid-liquid interfacial unfolding

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Fig. 3. Correction of atmospheric dispersion in different types of astronomical telescopes using liquid prisms. (a) Liquid prism with obtuse contact angle; (b) liquid prism with acute contact angle; (c) dispersion observed by Cassegrain-telescope; (d) dispersion observed by Gregorian-telescope; (e)(f) light after dispersion correction

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Fig. 4. Establishment of ELADC model. (a) Fluid-fluid interface setting; (b) schematic diagram of optical model

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Fig. 5. Deflection angles for different voltage combinations for U₂=U₄=U_c. (a) U₁=46.495 V, U₃=66.089 V, forming 15° deflection angle; (b) U₁=53.790 V, U₃=60.301 V, forming 5° deflection angle; (c) U₁=U₃=U_c; (d) U₁=60.301 V, U₃=53.790 V, forming 5° deflection angle opposite to that of Fig. 5(b); (e) U₁=66.089 V, U₃=46.495 V, forming a 15° deflection angle opposite to that of Fig. 5(a)

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Fig. 6. Simulation effects of liquid prism with deflection angle of 1.437° for 3.50″ atmospheric dispersion compensation. (a) Dispersion light at 5 m in front of liquid prism; (b) liquid prism for dispersion compensation; (c) light at 5 m after liquid prism compensation; (d) light at 15 m after liquid prism compensation

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Fig. 7. Composite effects of outgoing light from 3.50″ dispersion light at 50 m behind liquid prisms with different deflection angles. (a) 1.419° deflection angle; (b) 1.420° deflection angle; (c) 1.421° deflection angle; (d) 1.422° deflection angle; (e) 1.423° deflection angle

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Fig. 8. Spot diagrams of atmospheric dispersion at 66.5° zenith distance and those corrected by liquid prisms with different deflection angles. (a) Atmospheric dispersion at 66.5° zenith distance; (b) spot diagram of dispersion produced by liquid prism with a deflection angle of 1.42°; (c)‒(e) spot diagrams of dispersion corrected by liquid prisms with deflection angles of 1.41°, 1.42°, and 1.43°, respectively

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Fig. 9. Simulated and theoretical deflection angles for correcting different atmospheric dispersion using ELADC

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Table 1. Theoretically calculated values of atmospheric dispersion at different zenith distances in 400‒760 nm wavelength range
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Table 1. Theoretically calculated values of atmospheric dispersion at different zenith distances in 400‒760 nm wavelength range
Zenith angle z /（°） 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 66.5
Atmospheric dispersion $Δ ρ$ /（″） 0 0.268 0.554 0.878 1.277 1.813 2.635 3.500

Table 2. Parameter table of ELADC alternative liquid combinations

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Table 2. Parameter table of ELADC alternative liquid combinations

Group	Liquid name	Index of refraction n_D	Abbe number	Density ρ* / （kg·m^-3）
Group A	Polydimethylsiloxane，	1.404	56.16	0.970
Group A	ethylene glycol，tetrabutyl ammonium chloride solution	1.417	56.41	1.035
Group B	Alkyl silicone oils，	1.431	50.73	1.000
Group B	1‑decyl‑3‑methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate solution	1.431	55.12	1.078
Group C	Phenyl silicone oil，	1.489	34.54	1.050
Group C	1，3‑dimethylimidazole dimethyl phosphate solution	1.483	48.51	1.277

Table 3. Comparison of alternative liquid combinations for ELADC
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Table 3. Comparison of alternative liquid combinations for ELADC
Group Difference in refractive index Δn_D Density difference Δρ^* /（kg·m^-³） Deflection angle α /（°）
Group A 0.013 0.065 4.686
Group B 0 0.078 1.437
Group C 0.006 0.227 0.231

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Yinchuan Feng, Anning Zhang, Yangmian Zhu, Haixin Liang, Songfeng Kou, Zhongcheng Liang, Xiaobo Ma, Rui Zhao. Atmospheric Dispersion Correction Based on Electrowetting Liquid Prism[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(23): 2323001

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