[1] [1] JAFARPOOR H, HOSSEINI M, SOHRABI M, et al. The effect of direct observation of procedural skills/mini-clinical evaluation exercise on the satisfaction and clinical skills of nursing students in dialysis［J］. J Educ Health Promot, 2021, 10(1):74.

[4] [4] SIAU K,CROSSLEY J,DUNCKLEY P,et al.Colonoscopy direct observation of procedural skills assessment tool for evaluating competency development during training［J］.Am J Gastroenterol,2020,115(2):234-243.

[5] [5] VELIZ C,FuentesCimma J,Fuentes L E,et al.Adaptation, psychometric properties, and implementation of the mini-cex in dental clerkship［J］.J Dent Educ,2020,85(3):300-310.

[8] [8] LAGOO J Y, JOSHI S B. Introduction of direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) as a formative assessment tool during postgraduate training in anaesthesiology: exploration of perceptions［J］.Indian J Anaesth, 2021,65(3):202-209.

[9] [9] MOHAMADIRIZI S,MARDANIAN F,TORABI F.The effect of direct observation of procedural skills method on learning clinical skills of midwifery students of medical sciences［J］.J Educ Health Promot,2020(9):91.