Fast Location of Coal Gangue Based on Multispectral Band Selection

Fig. 7. Recognition and location results of coal and coal gangue. (a1)--(a12) Redundant bounding boxes without suppression; (b1)--(b12) redundant bounding boxes with suppression

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Table 1. Data division for research of coal gangue detection
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Table 1. Data division for research of coal gangue detection
Sample Training set Validation set Test set Total
1 lump 2 lumps 1 lump 2 lumps 1 lump 2 lumps
Coal 140 55 15 10 20 10 250
Gangue 140 55 15 10 20 10 250
Mix - 70 - 15 - 15 100
Total 280 180 30 35 40 35 600

Table 2. 10 combinations with the largest OIF value

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Table 2. 10 combinations with the largest OIF value

Rank	OIF	Combination band
1	11.138	[7, 12, 23]
2	11.095	[7, 9, 23]
3	11.085	[7, 9, 12]
4	11.073	[7, 12, 21]
5	11.064	[7, 9, 21]
6	11.034	[7, 21, 23]
7	11.030	[7, 12, 13]
8	11.030	[7, 13, 21]
9	11.028	[7, 13, 23]
10	11.005	[7, 12, 24]

Table 3. Detection results of model

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Table 3. Detection results of model

Epoch	Validation loss	Original detection result				Result after non-maximum suppression
Epoch	Validation loss	A /%	T /Total	F	mAP /%	A /%	T /Total	F	mAP /%
42	10.27	91.80	108/116	17	92.73	78.70	92/116	3	83.46
43	9.62	93.98	110/116	19	94.37	89.08	104/116	3	89.24
44	9.61	90.35	107/116	18	93.95	85.71	101/116	5	90.98
45	8.88	92.93	111/116	46	94.40	88.84	105/116	12	88.57
50	8.65	93.56	109/116	12	94.71	87.80	102/116	2	91.84
52	8.32	95.13	111/116	18	96.70	90.39	105/116	2	93.94
56	8.21	94.98	111/116	23	96.84	88.70	103/116	1	93.34
57	8.02	95.01	111/116	21	96.92	88.67	103/116	1	93.75
58	7.65	95.00	111/116	25	96.99	89.48	104/116	3	93.85
76	7.55	96.63	113/116	24	97.81	91.97	107/116	6	93.90
79	7.50	94.97	111/116	24	97.06	91.91	107/116	4	94.76
87	6.84	94.84	111/116	16	96.84	90.33	105/116	3	94.58
91	6.81	94.94	111/116	18	96.96	90.35	105/116	4	94.26

Table 4. Coordinate information of coal or coal gangue

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Table 4. Coordinate information of coal or coal gangue

Number	Coordinate and score for bounding box 1
Number	L	S	x₁	y₁	x₂	y₂	L	S	x₁	y₁	x₂	y₂	L	S	x₁	y₁	x₂	y₂
1	0	0.94	49	176	125	267	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	0	0.99	43	52	157	145	0	0.95	6	173	99	292	0	0.7	77	238	200	368
3	0	0.99	11	61	101	158	0	0.98	54	141	206	266	0	0.76	0	201	93	315
4	0	1.00	54	245	166	354	0	0.97	21	80	155	190	0	0.5	136	85	216	235
5	1	0.85	99	224	199	335	0	0.98	19	95	132	207	0	0.89	0	224	90	329
6	1	0.98	46	63	164	162	1	0.98	19	262	98	352	0	0.96	88	178	211	275
7	1	0.93	56	192	121	316	0	0.64	40	134	135	198	-	-	-	-	-	-
8	1	0.87	13	189	115	285	1	0.85	64	118	171	202	-	-	-	-	-	-
9	1	0.96	43	251	119	354	1	0.81	48	40	153	139	0	0.99	26	150	194	250
10	1	0.99	54	77	196	176	1	0.96	79	221	141	334	1	0.91	6	172	102	241
11	1	0.93	75	117	157	243	1	0.76	0	199	124	294	1	0.65	69	68	143	156
12	1	0.83	1	115	134	229	1	0.31	137	60	216	148	0	0.88	74	225	183	345

Table 5. Detection results of each model

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Table 5. Detection results of each model

Model	Coal			Coal Gangue			mAP /%	Detectiontime /s
Model	AP /%	TP/Total	FP	AP /%	TP/Total	FP	mAP /%	Detectiontime /s
YOLO mg-204	97.61	113/115	7	91.91	107/116	4	94.76	1.255
YOLO mg-300	98.27	114/115	7	92.62	108/116	3	95.45	1.642
YOLO v4-416	98.43	115/115	10	89.94	105/116	4	94.19	4.386
YOLO v4-512	97.39	113/115	7	91.37	107/116	7	94.38	5.533
YOLO v4-608	96.36	111/115	2	95.51	112/116	8	95.94	7.871
YOLO v3-320	91.48	108/115	9	87.63	106/116	6	89.56	2.832
M2Det 320	98.97	114/115	8	90.80	106/116	5	94.89	4.212

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Wenhao Lai, Mengran Zhou, Jinguo Wang, Tianyu Hu, Xixi Kong, Feng Hu, Kai Bian, Ziwei Zhu. Fast Location of Coal Gangue Based on Multispectral Band Selection[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2021, 48(16): 1611001

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