Journals Articles Conferences News About CLP
Submit a paper Email Alert
Search
Search
Articles
Journals
News
Advanced Search
Top Searches
2D MaterialsTransformation opticsQuantum PhotonicsSmall lasersSemiconductor UV PhotonicsSupersymmetric microring laser arrays

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 11, 1127002(2025)

Solid-State Single-Photon Sources in Novel Materials: from Modulation to Integration (Invited)

Xiaojing Liu1,2,3, Yue Liu1,2,3, Guangyuan Qu4, and Xifeng Ren1,2,3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui , China
  • 2CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui , China
  • 3Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, Anhui , China
  • 4School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui , China
    • show less
    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (13)
    Equations (0)
    References (113)
    Tools
    Paper Information
    Topics
    References(113)

    [1] Uppu R, Midolo L, Zhou X Y et al. Quantum-dot-based deterministic photon-emitter interfaces for scalable photonic quantum technology[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 16, 1308-1317(2021).

    [2] Gao T, von Helversen M, Antón-Solanas C et al. Atomically-thin single-photon sources for quantum communication[J]. NPJ 2D Materials and Applications, 7, 4(2023).

    [3] Zheng X Y, Waks E. Strongly interacting photonic quantum walk using single atom beamsplitters[J]. Physical Review Research, 6, 013245(2024).

    [4] Chang J, Gao J, Zadeh I E et al. Nanowire-based integrated photonics for quantum information and quantum sensing[J]. Nanophotonics, 12, 339-358(2023).

    [5] Welsher K, Liu Z, Sherlock S P et al. A route to brightly fluorescent carbon nanotubes for near-infrared imaging in mice[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 4, 773-780(2009).

    [6] Takemoto K, Nambu Y, Miyazawa T et al. Quantum key distribution over 120 km using ultrahigh purity single-photon source and superconducting single-photon detectors[J]. Scientific Reports, 5, 14383(2015).

    [7] Kimble H J, Dagenais M, Mandel L. Photon antibunching in resonance fluorescence[J]. Physical Review Letters, 39, 691-695(1977).

    [8] Kuhn A, Hennrich M, Rempe G. Deterministic single-photon source for distributed quantum networking[J]. Physical Review Letters, 89, 067901(2002).

    [9] Michler P, Kiraz A, Becher C et al. A quantum dot single-photon turnstile device[J]. Science, 290, 2282-2285(2000).

    [10] Aharonovich I, Castelletto S, Simpson D A et al. Diamond-based single-photon emitters[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 74, 076501(2011).

    [11] Chakraborty C, Kinnischtzke L, Goodfellow K M et al. Voltage-controlled quantum light from an atomically thin semiconductor[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 10, 507-511(2015).

    [12] Senichev A, Martin Z O, Peana S et al. Single-photon source in silicon nitride photonics for quantum key distribution[C], LW6F.4(2024).

    [13] Aharonovich I, Englund D, Toth M. Solid-state single-photon emitters[J]. Nature Photonics, 10, 631-641(2016).

    [14] Senellart P, Solomon G, White A. High-performance semiconductor quantum-dot single-photon sources[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 12, 1026-1039(2017).

    [15] Uppu R, Pedersen F T, Wang Y et al. Scalable integrated single-photon source[J]. Science Advances, 6, eabc8268(2020).

    [16] Atatüre M, Englund D, Vamivakas N et al. Material platforms for spin-based photonic quantum technologies[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 3, 38-51(2018).

    [17] Davanco M, Liu J, Sapienza L et al. Heterogeneous integration for on-chip quantum photonic circuits with single quantum dot devices[J]. Nature Communications, 8, 889(2017).

    [18] Katsumi R, Ota Y, Osada A et al. In situ wavelength tuning of quantum-dot single-photon sources integrated on a CMOS-processed silicon waveguide[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 116, 041103(2020).

    [19] Palacios-Berraquero C. Atomically-thin quantum light emitting diodes[M]. Quantum confined excitons in 2-dimensional materials, 71-89(2018).

    [20] Zhang C Z, Gong Z, He D W et al. Research progress of single-photon emitters based on two-dimensional materials[J]. Nanomaterials, 14, 918(2024).

    [21] Trenti A, Achleitner M, Prawits F et al. On-chip quantum communication devices[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 40, 7485-7497(2022).

    [22] Clauser J F. Experimental distinction between the quantum and classical field-theoretic predictions for the photoelectric effect[J]. Physical Review D, 9, 853-860(1974).

    [23] Heindel T, Kim J H, Gregersen N et al. Quantum dots for photonic quantum information technology[J]. Advances in Optics and Photonics, 15, 613-738(2023).

    [24] Esmann M, Wein S C, Antón-Solanas C. Solid-state single-photon sources: recent advances for novel quantum materials[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 34, 2315936(2024).

    [25] Krishnamurthy S, Singh A, Hu Z J et al. PbS/CdS quantum dot room-temperature single-emitter spectroscopy reaches the telecom O and S bands via an engineered stability[J]. ACS Nano, 15, 575-587(2021).

    [26] Holmes M J, Choi K, Kako S et al. Room-temperature triggered single photon emission from a Ⅲ-nitride site-controlled nanowire quantum dot[J]. Nano Letters, 14, 982-986(2014).

    [27] Reiss P, Bleuse J, Pron A. Highly luminescent CdSe/ZnSe core/shell nanocrystals of low size dispersion[J]. Nano Letters, 2, 781-784(2002).

    [28] Santori C, Pelton M, Solomon G et al. Triggered single photons from a quantum dot[J]. Physical Review Letters, 86, 1502-1505(2001).

    [29] Kuhlmann A V, Prechtel J H, Houel J et al. Transform-limited single photons from a single quantum dot[J]. Nature Communications, 6, 8204(2015).

    [30] Yan X X, Jiang Y X, Yang B et al. Tunable band gap of diamond twin boundaries by strain engineering[J]. Carbon, 200, 483-490(2022).

    [31] Pezzagna S, Rogalla D, Wildanger D et al. Creation and nature of optical centres in diamond for single-photon emission: overview and critical remarks[J]. New Journal of Physics, 13, 035024(2011).

    [32] Ju Z P, Lin J J, Shen S et al. Preparations and applications of single color centers in diamond[J]. Advances in Physics: X, 6, 1858721(2021).

    [33] Ekimov E A, Kondrin M V. Vacancy-impurity centers in diamond: prospects for synthesis and applications[J]. Physics Uspekhi, 60, 539-558(2017).

    [34] Balasubramanian G, Neumann P, Twitchen D et al. Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond[J]. Nature Materials, 8, 383-387(2009).

    [35] Maurer P C, Kucsko G, Latta C et al. Room-temperature quantum bit memory exceeding one second[J]. Science, 336, 1283-1286(2012).

    [36] Gruber A, Dräbenstedt A, Tietz C et al. Scanning confocal optical microscopy and magnetic resonance on single defect centers[J]. Science, 276, 2012-2014(1997).

    [37] Stolk A J, van der Enden K L, Roehsner M C et al. Telecom-band quantum interference of frequency-converted photons from remote detuned NV centers[J]. PRX Quantum, 3, 020359(2022).

    [38] Balasubramanian G, Chan I Y, Kolesov R et al. Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions[J]. Nature, 455, 648-651(2008).

    [39] Zhang G, Cheng Y, Chou J P et al. Material platforms for defect qubits and single photon emitters[J]. Applied Physics Reviews, 7, 031308(2020).

    [40] Thiering G, Gali A. Color centers in diamond for quantum applications[M]. Semiconductors and semimetals, 103, 1-36(2020).

    [41] Lagomarsino S, Flatae A M, Kambalathmana H et al. Creation of silicon-vacancy color centers in diamond by ion implantation[J]. Frontiers in Physics, 8, 601362(2021).

    [42] Evans E, Sipahigil A, Sukachev D D et al. Narrow-linewidth homogeneous optical emitters in diamond nanostructures via silicon ion implantation[J]. Physical Review Applied, 5, 044010(2016).

    [43] Hepp C, Müller T, Waselowski V et al. Electronic structure of the silicon vacancy color center in diamond[J]. Physical Review Letters, 112, 036405(2014).

    [44] Rong Y Y, Ma J H, Chen L X et al. Excited-state lifetime measurement of silicon vacancy centers in diamond by single-photon frequency upconversion[J]. Laser Physics, 28, 055401(2018).

    [45] Wang C L, Kurtsiefer C, Weinfurter H et al. Single photon emission from SiV centres in diamond produced by ion implantation[J]. Journal of Physics B: Atomic Molecular Physics, 39, 37-41(2006).

    [46] Marseglia L, Saha K, Ajoy A et al. Bright nanowire single photon source based on SiV centers in diamond[J]. Optics Express, 26, 80-89(2018).

    [47] Clark C D, Kanda H, Kiflawi I et al. Silicon defects in diamond[J]. Physical Review B, 51, 16681-16688(1995).

    [48] Goss J P, Jones R, Breuer S J et al. The twelve-line 1.682 eV luminescence center in diamond and the vacancy-silicon complex[J]. Physical Review Letters, 77, 3041-3044(1996).

    [49] Bathen M E, Vines L. Manipulating single-photon emission from point defects in diamond and silicon carbide[J]. Advanced Quantum Technologies, 4, 2100003(2021).

    [50] Kumar S, Brotóns-Gisbert M, Al-Khuzheyri R et al. Resonant laser spectroscopy of localized excitons in monolayer WSe2[J]. Optica, 3, 882-886(2016).

    [51] Branny A, Wang G, Kumar S et al. Discrete quantum dot like emitters in monolayer MoSe2: Spatial mapping, magneto-optics, and charge tuning[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 108, 142101(2016).

    [52] Klein J, Sigl L, Gyger S et al. Scalable single-photon sources in atomically thin MoS2[EB/OL]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.08819

    [53] Turunen M. Single-photon emission from strained two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides[EB/OL]. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/items/7166ad81-d396-450d-9194-74f829a489b6

    [54] Tonndorf P, Schmidt R, Schneider R et al. Single-photon emission from localized excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor[J]. Optica, 2, 347-352(2015).

    [55] Iff O, Tedeschi D, Martín-Sánchez J et al. Strain-tunable single photon sources in WSe2 monolayers[J]. Nano Letters, 19, 6931-6936(2019).

    [56] Klein J, Lorke M, Florian M et al. Site-selectively generated photon emitters in monolayer MoS2 via local helium ion irradiation[J]. Nature Communications, 10, 2755(2019).

    [57] Zhao H, Pettes M T, Zheng Y et al. Site-controlled telecom-wavelength single-photon emitters in atomically-thin MoTe2[J]. Nature Communications, 12, 6753(2021).

    [58] Abdi M, Chou J P, Gali A et al. Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride monolayers: a group theory and ab initio analysis[J]. ACS Photonics, 5, 1967-1976(2018).

    [59] Mendelson N, Chugh D, Reimers J R et al. Identifying carbon as the source of visible single-photon emission from hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nature Materials, 20, 321-328(2021).

    [60] Liu W, Li Z P, Yang Y Z et al. Temperature-dependent energy-level shifts of spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride[J]. ACS Photonics, 8, 1889-1895(2021).

    [61] Jungwirth N R, Calderon B, Ji Y X et al. Temperature dependence of wavelength selectable zero-phonon emission from single defects in hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nano Letters, 16, 6052-6057(2016).

    [62] Sajid A, Ford M J, Reimers J R. Single-photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride: a review of progress[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 83, 044501(2020).

    [63] Castelletto S, Inam F A, Sato S I et al. Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin-photon interface[J]. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 11, 740-769(2020).

    [64] Nguyen M, Kim S, Tran T T et al. Nanoassembly of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride and gold nanospheres[J]. Nanoscale, 10, 2267-2274(2018).

    [65] Hollenbach M, Berencén Y, Kentsch U et al. Engineering telecom single-photon emitters in silicon for scalable quantum photonics[J]. Optics Express, 28, 26111-26121(2020).

    [66] Berhanuddin D D, Lourenço M A, Gwilliam R M et al. Co-implantation of carbon and protons: an integrated silicon device technology compatible method to generate the lasing G-center[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 22, 2709-2712(2012).

    [67] Durand A, Baron Y, Cache F et al. Genuine and faux single G centers in carbon-implanted silicon[J]. Physical Review B, 110, L020102(2024).

    [68] Lohrmann A, Iwamoto N, Bodrog Z et al. Single-photon emitting diode in silicon carbide[J]. Nature Communications, 6, 7783(2015).

    [69] Wang J F, Zhou Y, Wang Z Y et al. Bright room temperature single photon source at telecom range in cubic silicon carbide[J]. Nature Communications, 9, 4106(2018).

    [70] Arakawa Y, Holmes M J. Progress in quantum-dot single photon sources for quantum information technologies: a broad spectrum overview[J]. Applied Physics Reviews, 7, 021309(2020).

    [71] Lu C Y, Pan J W. Quantum-dot single-photon sources for the quantum internet[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 16, 1294-1296(2021).

    [72] Mizuochi N, Makino T, Kato H et al. Electrically driven single-photon source at room temperature in diamond[J]. Nature Photonics, 6, 299-303(2012).

    [73] Shaik A B D, Palla P. Optical quantum technologies with hexagonal boron nitride single photon sources[J]. Scientific Reports, 11, 12285(2021).

    [74] Li W C, Morales-Inostroza L, Xu W W et al. Truncated metallo-dielectric omnidirectional reflector: collecting single photons in the fundamental Gaussian mode with 95% efficiency[J]. ACS Photonics, 7, 2474-2481(2020).

    [75] Fournier C, Plaud A, Roux S et al. Position-controlled quantum emitters with reproducible emission wavelength in hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nature Communications, 12, 3779(2021).

    [76] Grosso G, Moon H, Lienhard B et al. Tunable and high-purity room temperature single-photon emission from atomic defects in hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nature Communications, 8, 705(2017).

    [77] Noh G, Choi D, Kim J H et al. Stark tuning of single-photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nano Letters, 18, 4710-4715(2018).

    [78] Kan Y H, Bozhevolnyi S I. Molding photon emission with hybrid plasmon-emitter coupled metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 10, 2102697(2022).

    [79] Yalla R, Sadgrove M, Nayak K P et al. Cavity quantum electrodynamics on a nanofiber using a composite photonic crystal cavity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 113, 143601(2014).

    [80] Beveratos A, Brouri R, Gacoin T et al. Single photon quantum cryptography[J]. Physical Review Letters, 89, 187901(2002).

    [81] Knill E, Laflamme R, Milburn G J. A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics[J]. Nature, 409, 46-52(2001).

    [82] Bennett C H, Brassard G. Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing[J]. Theoretical Computer Science, 560, 7-11(2014).

    [83] Toth M, Aharonovich I. Single photon sources in atomically thin materials[J]. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 70, 123-142(2019).

    [84] Ladd T D, Jelezko F, Laflamme R et al. Quantum computers[J]. Nature, 464, 45-53(2010).

    [85] Aspuru-Guzik A, Walther P. Photonic quantum simulators[J]. Nature Physics, 8, 285-291(2012).

    [86] Gisin N, Ribordy G, Tittel W et al. Quantum cryptography[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 74, 145-195(2002).

    [87] Larocque H, Buyukkaya M A, Errando-Herranz C et al. Tunable quantum emitters on large-scale foundry silicon photonics[J]. Nature Communications, 15, 5781(2024).

    [88] Branny A, Kumar S, Proux R et al. Deterministic strain-induced arrays of quantum emitters in a two-dimensional semiconductor[J]. Nature Communications, 8, 15053(2017).

    [89] Palacios-Berraquero C, Kara D M, Montblanch A R et al. Large-scale quantum-emitter arrays in atomically thin semiconductors[J]. Nature Communications, 8, 15093(2017).

    [90] So J P, Jeong K Y, Lee J M et al. Polarization control of deterministic single-photon emitters in monolayer WSe2[J]. Nano Letters, 21, 1546-1554(2021).

    [91] Yu L, Deng M D, Zhang J L et al. Site-controlled quantum emitters in monolayer MoSe2[J]. Nano Letters, 21, 2376-2381(2021).

    [92] Luo Y, Liu N, Li X Z et al. Single photon emission in WSe2 up 160 K by quantum yield control[J]. 2D Materials, 6, 035017(2019).

    [93] von Helversen M, Greten L, Limame I et al. Temperature dependent temporal coherence of metallic-nanoparticle-induced single-photon emitters in a WSe2 monolayer[J]. 2D Materials, 10, 045034(2023).

    [94] Saggio V, Errando-Herranz C, Gyger S et al. Cavity-enhanced single artificial atoms in silicon[J]. Nature Communications, 15, 5296(2024).

    [95] Delone N B, Krainov V P. AC Stark shift of atomic energy levels[J]. Physics-Uspekhi, 42, 669-687(1999).

    [96] Dusanowski Ł, Gustin C, Hughes S et al. All-optical tuning of indistinguishable single photons generated in three-level quantum systems[J]. Nano Letters, 22, 3562-3568(2022).

    [97] Xia Y, Li Q W, Kim J et al. Room-temperature giant stark effect of single photon emitter in van der Waals material[J]. Nano Letters, 19, 7100-7105(2019).

    [98] Schädler K G, Ciancico C, Pazzagli S et al. Electrical control of lifetime-limited quantum emitters using 2D materials[J]. Nano Letters, 19, 3789-3795(2019).

    [99] LaGasse S W, Proscia N V, Cress C D et al. Hexagonal boron nitride slab waveguides for enhanced spectroscopy of encapsulated 2D materials[J]. Advanced Materials, 36, e2309777(2024).

    [100] Wu Y K, Liu X J, Qi X Z et al. Near-field modulation of single photon emitter with a plasmonic probe[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 118, 104002(2021).

    [101] Liu X J, Wu Y K, Qi X Z et al. Near-field modulation of differently oriented single photon emitters with a plasmonic probe[J]. Nano Letters, 22, 2244-2250(2022).

    [102] Böhm F, Nikolay N, Pyrlik C et al. On-chip integration of single solid-state quantum emitters with a SiO2 photonic platform[J]. New Journal of Physics, 21, 045007(2019).

    [103] Arcari M, Söllner I, Javadi A et al. Near-unity coupling efficiency of a quantum emitter to a photonic crystal waveguide[J]. Physical Review Letters, 113, 093603(2014).

    [104] Li C, Fröch J E, Nonahal M et al. Integration of hBN quantum emitters in monolithically fabricated waveguides[J]. ACS Photonics, 8, 2966-2972(2021).

    [105] Proscia N V, Jayakumar H, Ge X C et al. Microcavity-coupled emitters in hexagonal boron nitride[J]. Nanophotonics, 9, 2937-2944(2020).

    [106] Fröch J E, Kim S, Mendelson N et al. Coupling hexagonal boron nitride quantum emitters to photonic crystal cavities[J]. ACS Nano, 14, 7085-7091(2020).

    [107] Elshaari A W, Skalli A, Gyger S et al. Deterministic integration of hBN emitter in silicon nitride photonic waveguide[J]. Advanced Quantum Technologies, 4, 2100032(2021).

    [108] Kim S, Duong N M H, Nguyen M et al. Integrated on chip platform with quantum emitters in layered materials[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 7, 1901132(2019).

    [109] Glushkov E, Mendelson N, Chernev A et al. Direct growth of hexagonal boron nitride on photonic chips for high-throughput characterization[J]. ACS Photonics, 8, 2033-2040(2021).

    [110] Förtsch M, Fürst J U, Wittmann C et al. A versatile source of single photons for quantum information processing[J]. Nature Communications, 4, 1818(2013).

    [111] He Y M, He Y, Wei Y J et al. On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 8, 213-217(2013).

    [112] Nilsson J, Stevenson R M, Chan K H A et al. Quantum teleportation using a light-emitting diode[J]. Nature Photonics, 7, 311-315(2013).

    [113] Pant M, Krovi H, Englund D et al. Rate-distance tradeoff and resource costs for all-optical quantum repeaters[J]. Physical Review A, 95, 012304(2017).

    Tools

    Get Citation

    Copy Citation Text

    Xiaojing Liu, Yue Liu, Guangyuan Qu, Xifeng Ren. Solid-State Single-Photon Sources in Novel Materials: from Modulation to Integration (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(11): 1127002

    Download Citation

    EndNote(RIS)BibTexPlain Text
    Set citation alerts for article
    Save article for my favorites
    Paper Information

    Category: Quantum Optics

    Received: Feb. 19, 2025

    Accepted: Apr. 7, 2025

    Published Online: May. 28, 2025

    The Author Email: Xifeng Ren (renxf@ustc.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP250673

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP250673

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology