Numerical Simulation of Gaussian Laser Beam Propagation Characteristics in Seawater Based on Mie Scattering Model

Dian Gui; Haoran Meng; Hao Yang; Xinyue Liu; Feng Yan

doi:10.3788/LOP231107

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 9, 0901001(2024)

Numerical Simulation of Gaussian Laser Beam Propagation Characteristics in Seawater Based on Mie Scattering Model

Dian Gui^1,2, Haoran Meng^1、*, Hao Yang^1,2, Xinyue Liu¹, and Feng Yan¹

¹Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing of Optical Systems, Changchun Institute of Optics, Precision Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China

²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Curves of extinction efficiency factor and scattering efficiency factor with particle size parameters

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Fig. 2. Asymmetric factor g as a function of particle size parameter x

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Fig. 3. Monte Carlo simulation flowchart

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Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of the initial position of photons

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Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of initial photon direction

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Fig. 6. Normalized receiving power of Gaussian laser beam varies with transmission distance. (a) Diameter of sediment particles in seawater is different; (b) density of sediment particles in seawater is different

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Fig. 7. Normalized received power of Gaussian laser beams with different initial divergence angles transmitted at different distances S. (a) S=1.0 m; (b) S=1.5 m; (c) S=2.0 m; (d) S=2.5 m; (e) S=3.0 m

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Table 1. Summary of effects of different substances in seawater on laser transmission^[16]

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Table 1. Summary of effects of different substances in seawater on laser transmission^[16]

Component	Absorption coefficient	Scattering coefficient	Volume scattering coefficient
Water molecule	Closely related to wavelength， the blue and green areas are the smallest	Rayleigh scattering， inversely proportional to the 4th power of wavelength	Isotropy
Salt	Independent of wavelength， and related to concentration gradient changes of salt in seawater caused by different depths	Independent of wavelength， and related to concentration gradient changes of salt in seawater caused by different transmission distances	Concentration gradient of salt in seawater produces very small forward scattering
Yellow substance	Short-wavelength absorption increases， the absorption strength is related to the material， and the impact is greater along the coast	Ignorable	Ignorable
Suspended particle	Determined by particle type （terrestrial particle and algae）	Varies with water quality and type of suspended particle	Produce forward scattering
Temperature	Produce very little forward scattering	Produce very little forward scattering	Produce very little forward scattering

Table 2. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different diameters (number of particles N=10¹⁰)

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Table 2. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different diameters (number of particles N=10¹⁰)

Particle diameter D /μm	Absorption coefficient a/ $m^{- 1}$	Scattering coefficient b/ $m^{- 1}$	Attenuation coefficient c/ $m^{- 1}$	Asymmetric factor g
1	0.01902	0.02205	0.04107	0.60000
3	0.01966	0.16770	0.18736	0.71060
4	0.02032	0.27441	0.29473	0.78524

Table 3. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different densities (particle diameter D=3 μm)

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Table 3. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different densities (particle diameter D=3 μm)

Number of particles per unit volume N	Absorption coefficient a/ $m^{- 1}$	Scattering coefficient b/ $m^{- 1}$	Attenuation coefficient c/ $m^{- 1}$	Asymmetric factor g
10¹⁰	0.01966	0.16770	0.18736	0.7106
5×10¹⁰	0.02230	0.82867	0.85097
10¹¹	0.02560	1.65490	1.68050

Table 4. Fitting results

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Table 4. Fitting results

Particle parameters in seawater	Fitting result
D=1 μm，N=10¹⁰	$I = 1.001 e x p (- 0.04094 x)$
D=3 μm，N=10¹⁰	$I = 1.006 e x p (- 0.1831 x)$
D=4 μm，N=10¹⁰	$I = 1.009 e x p (- 0.2932 x)$
D=3 μm，N=5×10¹⁰	$I = 1.014 e x p (- 0.8065 x)$
D=3 μm，N=10¹¹	$I = 0.9928 e x p (- 1.54 x)$

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Dian Gui, Haoran Meng, Hao Yang, Xinyue Liu, Feng Yan. Numerical Simulation of Gaussian Laser Beam Propagation Characteristics in Seawater Based on Mie Scattering Model[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(9): 0901001

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Paper Information

Category: Atmospheric Optics and Oceanic Optics

Received: Apr. 18, 2023

Accepted: Jun. 20, 2023

Published Online: Apr. 3, 2024

The Author Email: Haoran Meng (menghaoran@ciomp.ac.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP231107

CSTR:32186.14.LOP231107

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Summary of effects of different substances in seawater on laser transmission[16]

Table 1. Summary of effects of different substances in seawater on laser transmission[16]

Table 2. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different diameters (number of particles N=1010)

Table 2. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different diameters (number of particles N=1010)

Table 3. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different densities (particle diameter D=3 μm)

Table 3. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different densities (particle diameter D=3 μm)

Table 4. Fitting results

Table 4. Fitting results

Table 1. Summary of effects of different substances in seawater on laser transmission^[16]

Table 1. Summary of effects of different substances in seawater on laser transmission^[16]

Table 2. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different diameters (number of particles N=10¹⁰)

Table 2. Optical parameters of seawater containing particles with different diameters (number of particles N=10¹⁰)