Improvement of Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in QR-Code Recognition

Function	IGWO		IGWO1		IGWO2		ILFGWO
Function	Mean	St.dev	Mean	St.dev	Mean	St.dev	Mean	St.dev
F₁	2.066×10²⁷	3.571×10²⁷	5.741×10³³	3.370×10³³	1.251×10³⁹	1.713×10³⁹	1.613×10⁴¹	2.599×10⁴¹
F₂	8.701×10¹⁶	6.838×10¹⁶	4.518×10²⁰	4.300×10²⁰	1.851×10²³	1.396×10²³	4.045×10²⁵	3.465×10²⁵
F₃	6.429×10⁷	5.597×10⁷	1.936×10⁸	2.039×10⁸	1.197×10¹⁰	1.341×10¹⁰	6.449×10¹¹	5.761×10¹¹
F₄	3.3857	4.3920	1.2206	2.5179	1.894×10¹⁷	1.037×10¹⁶	0	0
F₅	9.846×10¹⁴	1.714×10¹⁴	3.795×10¹⁴	5.451×10¹⁴	1.273×10¹⁴	4.102×10¹⁴	1.308×10¹⁵	2.903×10¹⁵
F₆	0.0078	0.0139	0.0015	0.0062	0	0	0	0

Table 2. Testing results of low-frequency components in levels of 1-4
View table
Table 2. Testing results of low-frequency components in levels of 1-4
Decomposition level 1 2 3 4
Training time /s 220.43 68.80 31.48 23.79
Recognition rate /% 96 94.5 82 34.5

Table 3. Classification results of SVM model optimized by different algorithms
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Table 3. Classification results of SVM model optimized by different algorithms
Comparison item GWO-SVM PSO-SVM DE-SVM ILFGWO-SVM
Sample weight of correct recognition 195/200 192/200 194/200 199/200
Recognition rate /% 97.5 96 97 99.5

Table 4. Comparison of recognition performances of different models

View table

Table 4. Comparison of recognition performances of different models

No.	Method	Recognition rate /%	Test time /s
1	Lifting wavelet+MB-LBP+SVM	71.5	16.10
2	Lifting wavelet+MB-LBP+PCA+SVM	95	4.73
3	Lifting wavelet+MB-LBP+ILFGWO-SVM	94	113.68
4	Lifting wavelet+MB-LBP+PCA+ILFGWO-SVM	99.5	9.12

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Yan Chunman, Chen Jiahui, Ma Yunting, Hao Youfei, Zhang Di. Improvement of Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in QR-Code Recognition[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(2): 21015

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