Fig. 1. Overall flow chart of proposed method

Fig. 2. Detection of pointer tip positioning

Fig. 3. Schematic of the meter reading

Fig. 4. Overall flow chart of instrument reading algorithm

Fig. 5. Flow chart of consistently significant algorithm

Fig. 6. Two-parameter Gaussian model. (a) Gaussian model curves of distance; (b) Gaussian model curves of angle

Fig. 7. Two-parameter three-dimensional Gaussian model. (a) Schematic of three-dimensional Gaussian model; (b) top view of three-dimensional Gaussian model

Fig. 8. Results of initial tick mark, end tick mark, and hand extraction. (a) Original input images; (b)tick rings; (c) meter rings; (d) experimental results by proposed method

Fig. 9. Comparison of pointer location results. (a) Traditional Hough method; (b) proposed method

Fig. 10. Comparison of consistently significant detection effects. (a) Original input image; (b) consistent saliency detection; (c) single image saliency detection

Fig. 11. Comparison of consistently significant image reading results. (a) Significant image reading results; (b) partial enlargements; (c) deviation from the rectangular frame by two algorithms