Fig. 1. Schematic of one dimensional optical phased array

Fig. 2. Far-field light intensity of optical phased array. (a) Equal spacing; (b) non-equal spacing

Fig. 3. Far-field intensity of optimized optical phased array. (a) 0°; (b) 15°; (c) 30°; (d) 45°

Fig. 4. Far-field intensity of optimized optical phased array at different scales. (a) N=20; (b) N=30

Fig. 5. Far-field intensity of optimized optical phased array at different spacing ranges. (a) 2‒5 μm; (b) 5‒8 μm

Fig. 6. Comparison of convergent curves of three optimization algorithms

Fig. 7. Far-field light intensity of 2D optical phased array. (a) Equal spacing; (b) non-equal spacing after optimization