Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of 3D model of lead-bismuth axial flow pump

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the leaf top clearance structures(a) Plane, (b) Chamfering, (c) Rounding

Fig. 3. Schematic of domain grid

Fig. 4. Verification of the grid independence

Fig. 5. Workflow diagram of experimental setup

Fig. 6. Site photo of axial flow pump model for clean water test

Fig. 7. Model accuracy verification for axial lead-bismuth pump

Fig. 8. External characteristic curve

Fig. 9. Distribution curves of flow velocity on the pressure surface under different leaf top clearance structures(a) Wheel streamlines, (b) Median streamlines, (c) Flange streamlines

Fig. 10. Distribution curves of flow velocity on the suction surface under different leaf top clearance structures(a) Wheel streamlines, (b) Median streamlines, (c) Flange streamlines

Fig. 11. Cloud contour of impeller blade shear force distribution under different leaf top clearance structures(a) Impeller, (b) Plane, (c) Chamfering, (d) Rounding

Fig. 12. Shear curves on pressure surface under different leaf top clearance structures(a) Wheel streamlines, (b) Median streamlines, (c) Flange streamlines

Fig. 13. Shear curves on suction surface under different leaf top clearance structures(a) Wheel streamlines, (b) Median streamlines, (c) Flange streamlines

Fig. 14. Cloud map of vortex distribution on leaf wheel pressure surface(a) Plane, (b) Chamfering, (c) Rounding

Fig. 15. Cloud contour of entropy yield on impeller blade wall(a) Impeller, (b) Plane, (c) Chamfering, (d) Rounding