[1] [1] PSALTIS D, QUAKE S R, YANG C. Developing optofluidic technology through the fusion of microfluidics and optics［J］. Nature, 2006, 442: 381-386.

[2] [2] FENG W Q, UEDA E, LEVKIN P A. Droplet microarrays: from surface patterning to high-throughput applications［J］. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(20): e1706111.

[3] [3] CHEN Z K, KHEIRI S, YOUNG E W K, et al. Trends in droplet microfluidics: from droplet generation to biomedical applications［J］. Langmuir: the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids, 2022, 38(20): 6233-6248.

[4] [4] LI J, HA N S, LIU T Y, et al. Ionic-surfactant-mediated electro-dewetting for digital microfluidics［J］. Nature, 2019, 572: 507-510.

[5] [5] SUN Q Q, WANG D H, LI Y N, et al. Surface charge printing for programmed droplet transport［J］. Nature Materials, 2019, 18: 936-941.

[6] [6] LI W, TANG X, WANG L Q. Photopyroelectric microfluidics［J］. Science Advances, 2020, 6(38): eabc1693.

[7] [7] SUN J, HAO Y X, ZHANG L, et al. Brief review of lithium niobate crystal and its applications［J］. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2020, 49(6): 947-964 (in Chinese).

[8] [8] KONG Y F, XU J J, ZHANG G Y, et al. Multi functional optoelectronic material: lithium niobate crystal［M］. Beijing: Science Press, 2005 (in Chinese).

[9] [9] GAO B F, REN M X, ZHENG D H, et al. Long-lived lithium niobate: history and progress［J］. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2021, 50(7): 1183-1199 (in Chinese).

[10] [10] ZHANG X, GAO Z X, GAO K F, et al. Photovoltaic microfluidic manipulation based on lithium niobate［J］. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2021, 50(7): 1327-1339 (in Chinese).

[11] [11] GAO K F, ZHANG X, ZAN Z T, et al. Visible-light-assisted condensation of ultrasonically atomized water vapor on LiNbO3∶Fe crystals［J］. Optics Express, 2019, 27(26): 37680-37694.

[12] [12] GAO Z X, MI Y H, WANG M T, et al. Hydrophobic-substrate based water-microdroplet manipulation through the long-range photovoltaic interaction from a distant LiNbO3∶Fe crystal［J］. Optics Express, 2021, 29(3): 3808-3824.

[13] [13] MI Y H, LIU X H, GAO Z X, et al. 3D photovoltaic router of water microdroplets aiming at free-space microfluidic transportation［J］. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(37): 45018-45032.

[14] [14] MUOZ-CORTS E, PUERTO A, BLZQUEZ-CASTRO A, et al. Optoelectronic generation of bio-aqueous femto-droplets based on the bulk photovoltaic effect［J］. Optics Letters, 2020, 45(5): 1164-1167.

[15] [15] PUERTO A, BELLA J L, LPEZ-FERNNDEZ C, et al. Optoelectronic manipulation of bio-droplets containing cells or macromolecules by active ferroelectric platforms［J］. Biomedical Optics Express, 2021, 12(10): 6601-6613.

[16] [16] PUERTO A, MNDEZ A, ARIZMENDI L, et al. Optoelectronic manipulation, trapping, splitting, and merging of water droplets and aqueous biodroplets based on the bulk photovoltaic effect［J］. Physical Review Applied, 2020, 14(2): 024046.

[17] [17] WANG M T, GAO Z X, LIU X H, et al. Towards biochemical microreactor: nonlocal photovoltaic actuation of aqueous microdroplets in oil-infused PDMS channels based on LiNbO3∶Fe crystal［J］. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2021, 349: 130819.

[18] [18] ZHANG X, GAO K F, GAO Z X, et al. Photovoltaic splitting of water microdroplets on a y-cut LiNbO3∶Fe crystal coated with oil-infused hydrophobic insulating layers［J］. Optics Letters, 2020, 45(5): 1180-1183.

[19] [19] ZHANG X, MUGISHA E R, MI Y H, et al. Photovoltaic cycling to-and-fro actuation of a water-microdroplet for automatic repeatable solute acquisition on oil-infused hydrophobic LN∶Fe surface［J］. ACS Photonics, 2021, 8(2): 639-647.

[20] [20] LI F F, ZHANG X, GAO K F, et al. All-optical splitting of dielectric microdroplets by using a y-cut-LN-based anti-symmetrical sandwich structure［J］. Optics Express, 2019, 27(18): 25767-25776.

[21] [21] ARREGUI C, RAMIRO J B, ALCZAR A, et al. Optoelectronic tweezers under arbitrary illumination patterns: theoretical simulations and comparison to experiment［J］. Optics Express, 2014, 22(23): 29099-29110.

[22] [22] SCHMID S, HIEROLD C, BOISEN A. Modeling the Kelvin polarization force actuation of micro- and nanomechanical systems［J］. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 107(5): 054510.

[23] [23] ELELE E O, SHEN Y Y, PETTIT D R, et al. Detection of a dynamic cone-shaped meniscus on the surface of fluids in electric fields［J］. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114(5): 054501.

[24] [24] DUFT D, ACHTZEHN T, MLLER R, et al. Coulomb fission: Rayleigh jets from levitated microdroplets［J］. Nature, 2003, 421(6919): 128.

[25] [25] POLITOVA N, TCHOLAKOVA S, DENKOV N D. Factors affecting the stability of water-oil-water emulsion films［J］. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2017, 522: 608-620.

[26] [26] NEUMAN K C, NAGY A. Single-molecule force spectroscopy: optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers and atomic force microscopy［J］. Nature Methods, 2008, 5: 491-505.

[27] [27] LIN L H, WANG M S, PENG X L, et al. Opto-thermoelectric nanotweezers［J］. Nature Photonics, 2018, 12: 195-201.