Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of structure of（a）NLC and（b）CLC

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of CLCE structure

Fig. 3. Stimuli-responsiveness of CLCE

Fig. 4. Molecular structures of the components commonly used in CLCE system

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of CLCE preparation using（a）two-step crosslinking procedure and（b）in situ polymerization

Fig. 6. （a）Solvent evaporation direction；（b）Large size CLCE film；（c）Mechanochromic property of the film.

Fig. 7. （a）Molecules used in the CLC layer；（b）Schematic diagram of fabrication of multilayered film.

Fig. 8. （a）The molecules used for CLCE film；（b）Schematic diagram of fabrication process of the film.

Fig. 9. （a）Schematic diagram of mechanochromic mechanisms of the BLCE film；（b）Photograph of the BLCE sample at different elongations.

Fig. 10. Photograph of color changes through circular pola‑rizers under（a）uniaxial，（b）biaxial and（c）out-of-plane stretching.

Fig. 11. Photograph of the elastomer film under（a）out-of-plane bending，（b）in-plane deformation and（c）nonzero Gaussian deformation.

Fig. 12. （a）Stimulus response of three effective mesophases to two kinds of light；（b）Photograph of the segmented elastomer；（c）Complex photo-actuation behavior of segmented elastomer.

Fig. 13. （a）Photographs of the reversible photo-actuation and photochromism of the CLCE film and the reflection spectra before and after light；（b）Schematic diagram of the reversible photo-actuation and photochromism and the POM image.

Fig. 14. （a）Chemical structure of the IR 788；（b）Photographs and IR images of the CLCE film when halogen lamp off and on；（c）Photographs of the CLCE film showing in-plane bending generated by locally illuminating the film with NIR light；（d）Temperature and the bending angle as a function of the intensity of the illumination light.

Fig. 15. （a）Photographs of the film taken with no polarizer and through LCP and RCP at different temperatures；（b）Changes in shape and color due to changes in temperature.

Fig. 16. POM images of a piece of CLCE fiber with green reflection color at room temperature during heating and cooling

Fig. 17. （a）SEM image of the microflower；（b）Crossed polarized micrographs of the flower showing the color changes triggered by humidity；（c）Height changes of the flower over a ranges of different temperature and humidity values；（d）3D profiles of the flower which depict direct actuation triggered by humidity.

Fig. 18. （a）Schematic representation of the preparation procedure for the patterned photonic coatings；（b）CLC triple pattern formed by dual mask exposure of a single-layered coating；（c）Patterned coating on glass showing responsiveness toward solvents. The coating was soaked in acetone，resulting in the disappearance of the pattern.

Fig. 19. Schematic diagram of mechanochromic and chemochromic mechanisms of the CLCE film

Fig. 20. （a）Schematic diagram of the pixelated structural coloration platform；（b）Illustration of the spatial color dispersion between three coloration units using a shared air channel；（c）Application of the pixelated structural coloration platform.

Fig. 21. （a）Photographs of the CLCE sample at different elongations；（b）Photographs of the programmed CLCE film lifting up a load；（c）Photographs of the self-healing process of two segments of the CLCEs. After self-healing，the CLCE could lift a 50 g weight without rupture.

Fig. 22. （a）Macroscopic images and corresponding schematic illustrations of the butterfly pattern observed parallel and perpendicular to the wrinkle direction；（b）Anti-counterfeiting function of MLWID by means of the intrinsic chiral information from the CLC.

Fig. 23. （a）Reflection POM images of an initially red-retroreflecting CLCE fibre under elongational strain；（b）Large-scale view of uniaxial and biaxial mechanochromic response under ambient light of a simple weave of CLCE fibres.