High-efficiency tunable lasers hybrid-integrated with silicon photonics at 2.0 <bold>μ</bold>m

Yuxuan Xie; Corey A. McDonald; Theodore J. Morin; Zhican Zhou; Jonathan Peters; John E. Bowers; Yating Wan

doi:10.1364/PRJ.550770

Photonics Research, Volume. 13, Issue 3, 737(2025)

High-efficiency tunable lasers hybrid-integrated with silicon photonics at 2.0 μm

Yuxuan Xie^1,2, Corey A. McDonald², Theodore J. Morin², Zhican Zhou¹, Jonathan Peters², John E. Bowers², and Yating Wan^1、*

Author Affiliations

¹Integrated Photonics Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia

²Institute of Energy Efficiency, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA

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Fig. 1. (a) Schematic image of the hybrid tunable laser. Left top: top-view image of the RSOA array. Left bottom: well-packaged RSOA with current and TEC control. (b) Schematic diagram showing the resonant Vernier effect of the two ring resonators and the RSOA gain spectrum. (c), (d) Cross-sectional fundamental transverse electric (TE) mode for RSOA and Si rib waveguide, respectively. (e), (f) Top-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the taper and ring coupler. (g) Standard fabrication process of the passive chip.

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Fig. 2. (a) Setup schematic for the characterization of MRRs. (b) Left: modulation depth of the ring resonator. Right: the waveform response with different frequency. (c) The fine scan for Q-factor calculation. (d) Top: the spectrum of center mode and side mode. Bottom: side peak resonances of two rings with 5% κ design. (e) The transmission of two ring shifts when heating Ring1 with 20 mW. (f) Resonance shift as a function of the heater power.

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Fig. 3. (a) Transmission of MRRs during coarse tuning. Inset: coarse tuning map. (b) Transmission of MRRs during fine tuning. Inset: fine tuning map.

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Fig. 4. Laser characterization results. (a) Hybrid laser measurement setup with TEC and current control. (b) Setup image. (c) Single-mode lasing with 40-dB SMSR at 2.02 μm. (d) L-I-V curve with 92-mA threshold current. (e) Tuning characteristic. (f) The 25-nm tuning range.

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Table 1. Literature Overview of the State-of-the-Art Mid-infrared Lasers^a

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Table 1. Literature Overview of the State-of-the-Art Mid-infrared Lasers^a

Reference	$λ$ (μm)	$I_{th}$ (mA)	$P_{\max}$ (mW)	Tuning Efficiency	Tuning Interval (nm)	Tuning Range (nm)
[27]	2.35	101	0.25 at 20°C	0.017 nm/mA	0.4	3
[33]	2.07	80	7.5 (uncooled)	0.4 nm/mW	0.2	58
[28]	2.02	360	0.1 at 17°C	–	3.1	31
[30]	2.55	190	6.4 at 23°C	–	8.94	170
This work	2.02	92	1.5 at 20°C	1.22 nm/mW	0.023	25

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Yuxuan Xie, Corey A. McDonald, Theodore J. Morin, Zhican Zhou, Jonathan Peters, John E. Bowers, Yating Wan, "High-efficiency tunable lasers hybrid-integrated with silicon photonics at 2.0 μm," Photonics Res. 13, 737 (2025)

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