Fig. 1. Schematic of a multi-mode microscopic imaging system based on the principle of single-pixel imaging and the differentiation of the signals recorded by camera pixels. (a) Schematic of a multi-mode microscopic imaging system based on the principle of single-pixel imaging; (b) schematic of distinguishing the signal recorded by the camera pixel point C1

Fig. 2. Design digital pinholes to extract values at different positions from single pixel reconstructed Airy spot images. (a1)-(c1) Design digital pinholes to extract zero-order signals from the conjugated object point; (a2)-(c2) design digital pinholes to extract high-order diffraction signals from non-conjugated object points

Fig. 3. Simulation results of multimodal microscopic imaging of resolution target. (a1)-(a6) Design different digital pinholes to extract different orders of diffraction signals from different object points in single-pixel reconstruction images; (b1)-(b6) multimodal images reconstructed using the extracted different orders of diffraction signals

Fig. 4. Chessboard pattern and image for calibration. (a) Chessboard pattern PChessBoard loaded on the spatial light modulation; (b) chessboard image IChessBoard captured by the camera

Fig. 5. Method of determining the four nearest integer pixels Oa,Ob,Oc,Od around pixel xsxc,yc,ysxc,yc

Fig. 6. Experimental setup

Fig. 7. Reprojection error

Fig. 8. Fourier basis pattern used in the experiment. (a) 80×80 pixels Fourier basis pattern generated in experiment; (b) effect after periodically extending the Fig. 8(a) 10×10 times, and then placing it in the central area of DMD

Fig. 9. Result of the image of the sample before and after modulating by the structured illumination light. (a) Image captured by the camera when the image of the sample is not modulated by the Fourier basis pattern; (b) image captured by the camera when the image of the sample is modulated by the Fourier basis pattern

Fig. 10. Design different digital pinholes to extract different signals from single-pixel reconstruction results to form multi-mode images. (a1) Design digital pinhole to extract the zero-order signal from the conjugated object point; (a2)-(a6) design offset digital pinhole to extract the high-order diffraction signal from the non-conjugated object points; (b1)-(b6) multimodal images reconstructed using the extracted signals

Fig. 11. Images reconstructed by using the offset signals extracted from different directions. (a1) Design horizontal offset pinholes to extract high-order diffraction signals; (b1) image reconstructed from higher-order diffraction signals extracted using a horizontally offset pinhole; (a2) design vertical offset pinholes to extract high-order diffraction signals; (b2) image reconstructed from higher-order diffraction signals extracted using a vertically offset pinhole

Fig. 12. Method of reconstructing isotropic offset images. (a1)-(a3) Design digital pinholes in different directions to extract bias signals in different directions; (b1)-(b3) image constructed using bias signals extracted in different directions; (c) result obtained by first registering Figs. 12 (b1)-(b3) and then sum; (d) result obtained by directly sum Figs. 12(b1)-(b3)

Fig. 13. Reconstruction of isotropic multimodal images using differently designed digital pinholes. (a1) Design digital pinhole to extract the zero-order signal from the conjugated object point; (a2)-(a4) design offset pinholes to extract high-order diffraction signals from non-conjugated object points in different directions; (b1)-(b4) isotropic multimodal images reconstructed using signals extracted from different directions

Fig. 14. Multimode images of resolution target. (a1)-(a4) Design digital pinhole to extract different signals; (b1)-(b4) multimodal images reconstructed using extracted signals; (c) profiles at the dash lines